18th Century History

САЖЕТАК: Банат је још од најранијих времена био насељен српским и румунским становништвом, које је до краја XVIII века имало одређену етничку границу – Срби су насељавали, већином, западни (низијски) а Румуни источни (планински) део Баната. Већих нетрпељивости између двају народа није било. Миграције народа биле су сталне, појачане повременим ратовима и болестима. Једна таква, већа миграција захватила је српски народ у Банату, у време Аустро-турског рата 1737–1739. године, када је у Банат мигрирао део становништва из Србије, која се поново нашла под турском влашћу после кратке аустријске управе (1718–1739). Међу избеглим становништвом из Србије било је и свештенство манастира Винче, које се настанило у банатском, српском, православном манастиру Бездину.


MIGRATION OF SERBIAN POPULATION IN BANAT DURING
THE AUSTRO-TURKISH WAR 1737–1739
SUMMARY: From the earliest times, Banat was inhabited by both Serbian and Romanian population. By the end of the 18th century there had even been a certain ethnic border, since the Serbs inhabited western (plain) part, whilst the Romanian lived in the Eastern (mountainous) Banat. There were not larger intolerance between them. The migrations were constant, intensified by occasional wars and diseases. One larger-scale migration occurred at the time of the Austro-Turkish war in 1737-1739, when Serbs from Serbia partially migrated to Banat. At that time, after a brief period of Austrian governance (1718-1739), Serbia once again fell under the Turkish rule. Among the Serbian refugees, the monks from the monastery of Vinča came to Banat, finding new home in the Serbian Orthodox monastery of Bezdin in Banat.

En este libro se estudia la trayectoria de los grupos familiares de vascos y navarros que se establecieron en el comercio y las finanzas de Madrid a lo largo del siglo xviii y el primer tercio del siglo xix y las redes que formaron a su alrededor. Los miembros de estas familias constituyeron una élite comercial y financiera con un papel predominante en la gestión y dirección de los Cinco Gremios Mayores de Madrid, los bancos de San Carlos y San Fernando y la Compañía de Filipinas. Entre otras actividades, fueron banqueros privados y se dedicaron al negocio de lana, una actividad económica enormemente compleja y con un fuerte componente financiero internacional. Sus actividades tuvieron
un carácter eminentemente práctico, por lo que el desarrollo de las nuevas ideas y valores ilustrados despertaron su interés sobre algunos aspectos, como la aparición y expansión de la nueva ciencia de la Economía Política, su presencia activa en las Sociedades Económicas de Amigos del País o la puesta en práctica de las ideas ilustradas sobre la mejora de la educación, lo que pone de manifiesto la integración de estas familias en los grupos ilustrados que se incorporaron al servicio de la Corona. Finalmente, dieron el salto a la participación activa en la vida política a partir de la crisis de 1808.

El período temporal analizado abarca más de un siglo, a lo largo del cual el autor ha ido examinando las trayectorias de los individuos y familias integrantes de esta élite a partir de un extenso y en buena parte inédito repertorio de fuentes primarias, en especial protocolos notariales y registros sacramentales; una documentación densa y compleja que ha desvelado una valiosa información sobre las relaciones, de todo tipo, existentes en el seno de estos grupos familiares. Esta amplitud temporal, apenas contemplada en otros estudios sobre grupos de comerciantes y financieros, permite analizar de forma sincrónica y diacrónica la evolución social, económica y política de esa élite mercantil, en un contexto enormemente complejo de renovación de las élites dirigentes españolas y de construcción del  Estado moderno.

Tekst govori o povijesti izgradnje i opremanja župne crkve Imena Marijina u osječkom Donjem gradu u 18. stoljeću na temelju arhivskih, kartografskih, grafičkih i drugih izvora. Istraživanjima se pokazalo da je današnja građevina podignuta tijekom dviju građevinskih kampanja na mjestu starije crkve iz 1714. Sjeverni dio, zvonik s korom, podignut je između 1758. i 1763., a potom je 1768. – 1775. uslijedilo podizanje broda i svetišta. Stilsko rješenje arhitekture crkve, ponajprije zvonika i zapadnog pročelja, povezuje se s mogućim uzorima u baroknoj arhitekturi Italije i Srednje Europe, a opremanje s djelokrugom umjetnika-obrtnika koji su sredinom i u drugoj polovini 18. stoljeća radili u Osijeku. U tekstu se donosi niz imena raznih umjetnika koji su radili za donjogradsku crkvu koji se do sada u literaturi nisu vezali uz ovu građevinu (graditelj Joseph Hatzinger, kipari Georg Egger i Joseph Erdt, stolari Heinrich Kessler i Thomas Firtler, slikar Franciscus Antonius Witz).

As instituições de proteção social são aqui perspetivadas como ponto de confluência de crenças, sistemas doutrinários e legislativos, interesses e possibilidades. Muito para além do elenco das organizações de proteção social, que se fornecem, procuram-se as razões da sua existência e das suas modalidades. E assim, com o estudo das instituições, dos seus dirigentes e dos homens e mulheres socorridos (e tantas vezes controlados), desemboca-se na sociedade da Época Moderna, na sua arquitetura política, jurídica, ideológica, social e económica

Abordamos en el presente artículo la revisión crítica de Palestra Sagrada, o Memorial
de los Santos de Córdoba, de Bartolomé Sánchez de Feria, obra de erudición
histórica que recorre la estructura urbana y el entorno inmediato de la Córdoba
anterior a las transformaciones de la Edad Contemporánea, documentando un
patrimonio arqueológico hoy, en buena medida, perdido. Pretendemos con ello
evaluar la validez y utilidad que aún posee la información proporcionada por el
autor, contrastándola con nuestros actuales conocimientos y poniéndola a
disposición de futuros investigadores.

We are dealing with this article the critical review of Palestra Sagrada, o Memorial de los Santos de Córdoba, of Bartolomé Sánchez de Feria, work of historical scholarship that runs through the urban structure and the immediate surroundings of the Cordoba prior to the transformations of the Contemporary Age, documenting an archaeological heritage lost to a large extent. We thereby assess the validity and usefulness that still has the information provided by the author, contrasting it with our present‐day knowledge and offering it to future researchers.

This small study concerns the depiction of Frederick the Great of Prussia during the First Silesian War. Through Discourse Analysis, parts of Leopold von Rankes „Zwölf Bücher Preussischer Geschichte“ and Johann Gustav Droysens „Geschichte der Preussischen Politik“ are inspected. The question "how do these historians portray Frederik the Great" is raised and whether this portrayal is thoroughly positive or if negative character traits are also apparent in their works. The study concludes that there are explicitly negative and positive aspects of Frederick visible, however, negative utterances are often converted into positive ones or otherwise justified. The study is written in German and was not published.

The Franco-British Peace Treaty of 11 April 1713 (Utrecht) imposed on the French King the obligation to destroy the harbor and port infrastructure of Dunkirk .This problem is often seen as a mere bilateral Franco-British quarrel. However, joint Franco-British diplomacy (1716-1731) was animated by a common desire to maintain the Balance and Tranquility of Europe. I.e. by the extension of the international guarantee system for succession orders. The geopolitical advantages of collaboration outweighed minor thorny issues. An open rupture on sensitive bilateral issues, such as the construction of the Mardick canal, or the progressive restoration of Dunkirk's harbour, was not justified. Consequently, in case of internal political turmoil for the Whig government in Britain, the French position was equidistant between defending local interests and the vocal repetition of its formal adherence to contracted engagements. This paper reviews the obligations imposed on France (I), the multilateral system of guarantees designed by Stanhope and Dubois (II) and the resolution of potential incidents in the 1730s (III).

Construído na primeira metade do século XVIII por ordem do Rei João V, o Edifício Real de Mafra inclui um Palácio Real, um Convento e uma Basílica. No convento foram instaladas as Casas da Enfermaria para o serviço da comunidade franciscana, onde tudo foi providenciado para o tratamento e conforto dos pacientes. Cuidados médicos e de enfermagem, alimentação e dietas, preparação de medicamentos, acompanhamento espiritual e religioso, tudo foi pensado e regulamentado para que este "hospital" se tornasse um dos mais modernos do seu tempo.

Kapela Majke Božje Snježne na Tekijama kod Petrovaradina jedan je od povijesno najslojevitijih spomenika arhitekture Srijema. Istodobno radi se o ključnom spomeniku vezanom za prijelomni trenutak političke povijesti ne samo Habsburške Monarhije već i cijele Srednje i Jugoistočne Europe 18. stoljeća, bitke u kojoj je Eugen Savojski 1716. porazio osmanlijsku vojsku otvorivši time put prema austrijskom osvajanju cijeloga Srijema te Banata, a potom i sjeverne Srbije i Bosne.
U svoj se literaturi spominje da je u vrijeme osmanske vlasti (16.-17. stoljeće) na mjestu današnje kapele podignuta malena džamija, nedaleko prvotno dva (danas samo jednoga) izvora kvalitetne pitke vode. Nakon što je habsburška vojska osvojila 1687. Petrovaradin i obnovila katoličku hijerarhiju u mjestu župu preuzima isusovački red, koji nekadašnju džamiju, vjerojatno krajem 17. ili počekom 18. stoljeće, konvertira u katoličku kapelu. Nakon bitke 1716. kapela se pretvara, zahvaljujući ikoni Majke Božje Snježne, koju je svetištu poklonio Eugen Savojski, u najvažnije hodočasničko marijansko svetište ovoga dijela Habsburške Monarhije. U to je vrijeme građevina dograđena za dva hvata sredstvima obitelji u bici poginulog habsburškog časnika Siegmunda Breunera.
Kapeli na Tekijama izgled će ponovno biti promijenjen 1754. godine kada isusovci poduzimaju veliki građevinski zahvat s ciljem da osiguraju što više unutrašnjega prostora. Ispred džamije, koja je sada počela služiti kao sakristija, dograđeno je pravokutno svetište i dugi brod koji su u osi malo pomaknuti prema zapadu, u odnosu na prostor džamije, nesumnjivo zbog potrebe prilagođavanja zemljištu, odnosno padu terena prema močvarama uz Dunav. Novi dugi brod pokriven je masivnim baroknim svodovima sa susvodnicama, a zidovi su mu raščlanjeni parovima jonskih pilastara. Glavno pročelje bilo je skromno raščlanjeno pilastrima i nišama sa skulpturama. Ukinućem isusovačkog reda 1773. bitno se mijenja položaj kapele. Petrovaradin prelazi u ruke biskupijskog svećenstva, a potom 1776. godine ulazi u sastav Bosansko-srijemske i Đakovačke biskupije.
Kapela na Tekijama svoj današnji izgled dobila je 1880.-1881. godine obnovom provedenome za vrijeme agilnoga župnika Ilije Okrugića Srijemca (1827. – 1897.).  Dograđeno joj je dvotoranjsko pročelje, po uzoru na pročelje đakovačke katedrale, te sakristija, a na dijelu kapele koji je bio džamija dograđen je visoki tambur s kupolom koja je okrunjena simbolom pobjede kršćanstva nad islamom – križem postavljenim iznad polumjeseca. Prostor džamije povezan je s ranijim isusovačkim svetištem i pretvoren u novu apsidu crkve. Time je potpuno promijenjen izgled ovoga važnog povijesnog spomenika zbog čega je Odjel za bogoštovlje Zapovjedništva Vojne Krajine u Zagrebu (unutar koje se Petrovaradin u to vrijeme nalazio) ovaj zahvat nastojao zaustaviti. Iako se đakovački biskup Josip Juraj Strossmayer složio s mišljenjem Odjela, župnik Okrugić je ipak proveo restauraciju u cijelosti prema svojim nahođenjima, samo je, sukladno odredbama iz Zagreba, promijenio stil restauracije – umjesto neogotičkog odabran je naposljetku neoromanički stil.
Dio izvora projekte za restauraciju pripisuje najvažnijemu arhitektu historicizma u Hrvatskoj Hermanu Bolléu, a dio novosadskom graditelju Georgu Molnáru, no po svoj je prilici Bollé njihov autor.
Novo glavno pročelje znatno je šire od starijega dijela građevine, a i novi je glavni zabat nešto viši od krovišta broda što jasno upućuje na okolnost da je glavni razlog zahvata predstavljala težnja monumentalizaciji građevine te dobivanju reprezentativnijega pročelja koje istodobno estetski odgovara nazorima kraja 19. stoljeća.

Í þessari ritgerð eru dregnar saman niðurstöður rannsóknar á stofnun fyrstu íslensku almenningssafnanna á s.hl. 19. aldar. Lögð er áhersla á að tengja stofnun almenningssafna á Íslandi við mótun íslensks þjóðfélags á 19. og 20. öld og sjálfstæðisbaráttu Íslendinga. Áhrif frá hugmyndafræði menningarlegrar þjóðernishyggju og alþjóðlegum straumum í safnastarfi á 19. öld eru greind í orðræðu um söfn í íslenskum blöðum og tímaritum á s.hl. 19. aldar og f.hl. 20. aldar. Einnig er saga safnanna á upphafsárum þeirra rakin. Ritgerðinni er ætlað að vera innlegg í innlenda fræðilega umfjöllun um safnastarf á Íslandi, sem og fræðilega umfjöllun um menningarlega þjóðernishyggju. Er niðurstaða verkefnisins sú að stofnun almenningssafna, bæði hérlendis og erlendis, tengist órjúfanlegum böndum stofnun þjóðríkja og verkefni menningarlegra þjóðernissinna, sem og hugmyndafræðilegum, efnahagslegum og pólitískum byltingum á Vesturlöndum á 18. og 19. öld.

The core concept of this paper was to discover the main reasons why the British Empire were the first to form a colony in the country. The main elements under examination included the overcrowding of jail cells due to convicts, naval expeditions and the size and strength of the British navy

Diplomatic representation in the community of the European diplomacy of the ‘Trente heureuses’ (1713–1740). – The study of Ancien Régime public international law compels researchers to broaden the traditional scope of legal history (treaties and doctrine). A broader understanding of normativity in international relations, inspired by sociology, cultural or international relations history leads to an analysis of diplomatic behaviour. Practice is of paramount importance to grasp the working of implicit principles, expressed in correspondence and legal memoranda. The three decades following the Peace of Utrecht (1713) illustrate how state consent-based international organisation operated in the 18th century, separate from doctrinal concepts. French and British archival material and existing prosopographic literature sketch a map of the European arena. Treaty interpretation and legal reasoning were the backbone of international relations. Consequently, jurists were more than apologists, and fulfilled an indispensable role in an interactional system.

Tenzin Peljor was born in 1760 into the Tibetan noble family of Gazhi (dga' bzhi), which is better known under the name Doring (rdo ring), and which played an important role in the politics of the Ganden Podrang era, providing cabinet ministers and officials for the Tibetan government until the 1950s. The two names were used interchangeably in the second half of the eighteenth century, while in the following centuries the name Doring became the standard appellation of the family. Gazhi, in this essay, refers more generally to the family estate, outside of Gyantse, while Doring refers to the family itself.

Franz Xaver Erhard, "Doring Tenzin Peljor," Treasury of Lives, October 08, 2020, http://treasuryoflives.org/biographies/view/Doring-Tenzin-Peljor/5306

In the first section of the present article, entitled (I) “Classification of masks”, I accomplished a historical and hermeneutical incursion in biblical and cantemirian bestiarum and in the second part, entitled (II) “Pseudo-hybrides from The Hieroglyphic History in the Bible from Bucharest”, based on Cantemir’s work, I outlined five animal’s symbolism marked by the expressions in malo sensu and in bono sensu: the Bat, the Heron, the Chameleon, the Giraffe and the Mole.

Günümüzde bilimsel çalışmada araştırılan nesnenin ve araştırmayı yürüten, nesneyi yorumlayan öznenin kimliği, bu kimliklerin konumlandırılması gibi sorunlara ilişkin tartışmalar ivme kazanmıştır. Sorunun önemi, araştırma öznesinin konumuna göre nesneyi ‘ötekileştirme’ eğilimlerinin bilincine vardığımız oranda artmaktadır. ‘Ötekileştirme’ eğiliminin ise, kendini ‘öteki’ne bakarak konumlandırma tasarısından kaynaklanıyor olması, sorunu katlamaktadır. Sorunu, mimarlık tarihi çerçevesinde 19. yüzyıl Şarkiyatçılığından başlayarak ele almak günümüzde yaygın bir çalışma alanı oluşturmakla birlikte, 18. yüzyılın bu sorun açısından belirleyici işlevi genellikle göz ardı edilmektedir. Türk mimarisinin ve tasarımının da nesnelerinden birini oluşturduğu Şarkiyatçı ‘ötekileştirme’ süreci, bir tarihsel süreç olarak 18. yüzyılda Batı kültüründe Doğu-Batı ayrımı şeklinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Antikiteden 18. yüzyıla, kozmografik ve kartografik değerlerin izini ayrıntısıyla sürdüğümüzde rastlayamadığımız Doğu-Batı ayrımı, 18. yüzyılda, Avrupa mimarlığının tarihsel kökeni tartışmalarının ivme kazanmasıyla birlikte sıklıkla telaffuz edilir olmuştur. Doğu-Batı ayrımının Avrupa mimarlık tarihyazımındaki yeri ve oluşum dinamikleri; Türk mimarlık tarihi ve tasarımının, Batının yazdığı ‘dünya tasarım tarihi’nde ele alınış (veya alınmayış) şekillerini yakından ilgilendirmektedir. Bu bağlamda, Türk tasarım tarihini yazarken, önümüze iki perspektif çıkmaktadır: Bunlardan birincisi Türk tasarımının kendisini algılamada ve Batı ile ilişkisinde kendisini konumlandırmadaki yaklaşımıdır. İkincisi ise Batı'nın Türk tasarım tarihine bakış açısıdır. İlkinin henüz bağımsız bir çerçevede oluştuğu söylenemez. Bu çerçeveyi oluşturmak için Batı'yı daha çok okumamız gerekmektedir. 18. yüzyıl, bu tarihin okumamızı bekleyen önemli kesitlerinden biridir. 18. yüzyılda baş gösteren yol ayrımını anlamak içinse, kökü antikiteye dayanan bir kozmografya anlayışına uzanmamız gerekmektedir. Burada, ayrıntısıyla sunamayacağımız kartografik taramanın sonuçlarını kısaca gösterip 18. yüzyıldaki gelişmelere odaklanacağız.

This article presents an appraisal of the political allegiances of Francis Taaffe, 3 rd Earl of Carlingford (1639-1704) by examining his career and connections in the Duchy of Lorraine during the often-overlooked reign of Leopold, Duke of Lorraine (1697-1729). Following the treaty of Ryswick of 1697, Leopold returned from the Empire with his most trusted advisor, who triggered the arrival of an Irish community in the Duchy. The 3 rd Earl of Carlingford played an important role in establishing and supporting Irish émigrés in Lorraine. Still, little has been written about the networks of contacts he mustered to support this Irish Catholic community in Lorraine. Carlingford is often identified as a Williamite, but this article will show that he facilitated the establishment of disbanded Irish Jacobite regiments from Louis XIV's army, which brings his allegiance to William III into question. In this paper, I will show that Francis Taaffe should rather be considered a pro-Jacobite who cooperated with the Williamite regime in order to achieve his own ends. Indeed, Carlingford wielded a lot of power as Lorraine's 'prime minister' and he acted towards connecting the Duchy of Lorraine to the international Jacobite network. Ultimately, this analysis will shed a new light on the complexity of the concepts of loyalty and allegiance in the early modern period.

ighteenth-Century Ireland / Iris an dá Chultúr (ISSN: 0790-7915), volume 36.

Au mois de juin 1781, Marie-Jeanne Girardot de Vermenoux, veuve Thélusson, décède subitement alors que l’hôtel particulier qu’elle faisait construire n’est pas encore achevé. Le chantier de cet édifice spectaculaire, commandé trois ans plus tôt à Claude- Nicolas Ledoux, est encore en pleine effervescence. C’est dans ce cadre qu’intervient Claude Jean-Baptiste Jallier de Savault, chargé par les nouveaux commanditaires d’encadrer l’achèvement des constructions. Son intervention est éclairante à plusieurs titres : elle permet notamment de documenter le fonctionnement d’un chantier privé dans le cas particulier d’une maîtrise d’œuvre partagée entre deux artistes, mais aussi de prendre la mesure de la complexité des rapports de clientèle entre un architecte et les membres d’une même famille.

Hugues R. Sánchez Mejía y Jorge Conde Calderón
https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/achsc/article/view/75553

A partir de un pleito por tierras entre los habitantes del asiento de libres de Quilichao en la gobernación de Popayán y el hacendado y minero Francisco Arboleda, pretendemos mostrar cómo los apoderados de los vecinos buscaron que las autoridades locales materializaran ciertos privilegios que la corona les había adjudicado, mediante requerimientos que dejaron la huella de sus razonamientos, presunciones, expectativas y, sobre todo, del uso de un lenguaje particular que potenciaba sus exigencias jurídicas. Se constata en los documentos la eclosión de una narrativa ilustrada que buscaba aumentar privilegios y arropaba las peticiones con conceptos y palabras como Estado y causa pública e ideales ilustrados de fortalecimiento de la fe católica y la productividad agrícola.

The paper deals with the relations and the connections of the various types of outlaws and the forest during the XVIII century. The outlaws were a notorious and widespread phenomenon in Rumelia during this period, which had a certain influence over the Non-Muslim population and the Ottoman government. The contribution follows the reactions of the local inhabitants and the authorities in some regions of the Bulgarian lands about the threats from the outlaws. One of the most interesting decisions is cutting down entire forests in some regions due to the outlaws’ threats. In addition, a point of view is offered about how inhabitants and outlaws perceive forests socially and as a part of the settlement’s space as well as what is the relationship between these two groups and the forest.

This dissertation aims to show that the political history of Jacobitism is part of the cultural history of the Grand Tour and that it is visible in its literary productions of the early 18th century by using the little-studied reign of Duke Leopold of Lorraine (r.1697-1729) as a case study. It notably argues that the use of the arch-genre of writings about displacements adds to the body of critical sources available to historians in understanding the threads of two intersecting networks of the early eighteenth-century: the Jacobites and the Grand-Tourists. Through the examination of archival materials and the writings of travellers visiting Lorraine, we have identified the 1720’s as a turning point in Leopold’s relationship with the British Isles. Indeed, from his restoration, the Duke of Lorraine aimed to maintain the independence of his dynasty and his territories by drawing on the long-lasting links between the Stuarts and the Lorrains via their attachment to Catholicism. However, we will demonstrate that it was after the failure of the 1715 Jacobite rebellion that the Duke of Lorraine shifted his interests towards British Grand-Tourists as part of wider a trend of joining in an international community of scholars of the early Enlightenment, ensuring connections with future diplomats or politicians whose travels would have been part of their training for the attainment of high-profiled positions once they had returned home. Indeed, the failed rebellion’s confirmation of the Act of Settlement convinced Leopold to align with Grand-tourists who were supporters of the Hanoverian succession. The political reality of the changing diplomatic climate of the post-Utrecht world took precedence over the ideals shared by the Lorrains and the Jacobites, and Leopold came to think as a Prince of the enlightenment rather than clinging onto now-outdated dynastic and religious connections to the Stuarts and their allies.

In the course of the 18th century, many narratives of journeys made by the Portuguese to various parts of their empire were published. Such accounts are nowadays an important source for understanding contemporary perceptions of these places and, above all, of the people. António de Albuquerque Coelho's journey is one such example. The overland journey between Goa and Madras not only brought this Governor of Macau and the delegation accompanying him into contact with Indian people, but also with other Europeans in the region. The perception of the Other revealed in that report, written and published in Lisbon in 1732, certainly had a profound influence on the perception that contemporary readers gained both of the people encountered and these far-distant places. Thus, it can be said that these reports preserve an important memory of a specific place and time.

in: Karine Rance et al. (eds.): La scène de la rencontre. Altérités en dialogue de l'Antiquité à nos jours, Clermont-Ferrand: Presses Universitaires Blaise Pascal, 203-223.

This paper deals with trafficked children in the Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation in the long 18th century. As the Holy Roman Empire was geographically at the margins of the transatlantic slave trade and as the trade in children was not linked to the issues of slave labour and plantation economies that have been extensively addressed in the research on slavery, this phenomenon has often been overlooked. From a German perspective, however, children were not just one group among others to be “brought back” from the colonies; in fact, trafficking in children was a striking feature of human trafficking to the Holy Roman Empire. In this article I discuss the reasons for and dimensions of the phenomenon and analyse the consequences for the children affected.

Principles of organization of the Russian science in the XVIII century were formed generally under the influence of Michael V. Lomonosov. He hold a senior post in the administration of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. His service initiatives, however, were faced with permanent opposition from the members of the main organizational and administrative body of the Academy – The Academic Office. In this regard, Lomonosov wrote an essay about the development of the administrative management at the St. Petersburg Academy. Despite the vastness of the historiography of the Lomonosov’s life and work, this essay has not been the subject of special study. It was researched as a historical source in this article.