Complex Structure

Six lexical decision experiments were conducted to examine the influence of complex structure on the processing speed of English compounds. All experiments revealed that semantically transparent compounds (eg, rosebud) were processed more quickly than matched monomorphemic words (eg, giraffe). Opaque compounds (eg, hogwash) were also processed more quickly than monomorphemic words. However, when the experimental materials and/or procedure encouraged decomposition/integration, this advantage ...

The potential of Polarimetric SAR Interferometry (Pol-InSAR) lies in the 3-dimensional resolution of different scattering processes. This proves especially useful for the interpretation of volume scatterers - such as forests - and makes physical parameter extraction possible. Due to the complex structure of forests, the interpretation of Pol-InSAR data is not straight forward, but requires the consideration of a scattering

Retinal blood vessel assessment plays an important role in the diagnosis of ophthalmic pathologies. The use of digital images for this purpose enables the application of a computerized approach and has fostered the development of multiple methods for automated vascular tree segmentation. Metrics based on contingency tables for binary classification have been widely used for evaluating the performance of these algorithms. Metrics from this family are based on the measurement of a success or failure rate in the detected pixels, obtained by means of pixel-to-pixel comparison between the automated segmentation and a manually-labeled reference image. Therefore, vessel pixels are not considered as a part of a vascular structure with specific features. This paper contributes a function for the evaluation of global quality in retinal vessel segmentations. This function is based on the characterization of vascular structures as connected segments with measurable area and length. Thus, its design is meant to be sensitive to anatomical vascularity features. Comparison of results between the proposed function and other general quality evaluation functions shows that this proposal renders a high matching degree with human quality perception. Therefore, it can be used to enhance quality evaluation in retinal vessel segmentations, supplementing the existing functions. On the other hand, from a general point of view, the applied concept of measuring descriptive properties may be used to design specialized functions aimed at segmentation quality evaluation in other complex structures.

The aim is: how cities could fit the quality idea, the urban lifestyle that is our welfare dream? But what is our dream? A city that reflects, as in a mirror, our identity. We know very well what we want: beauty, harmony, naturality and safety. For gaining them, we need to define "how" to satisfy these needs. 1. We look for naturality, but in the same time we love sophisticated answers to our needs. And naturality that fits human needs is a result of high quality design and management approach. 2. We are looking for beauty and harmony, but we are loosing these qualities, that we had in the past, in these convulsed improving density cities that satisfies only pre-defined and functionally optimized necessities 3. But first of all we need clarity and safety; and we discovered that also what appeared as impossible and unthinkable catastrophe was happened. And Safety can be realized only if each people can share a process of evolutionary conscience. The complex structure of a c...

In this introductory article we give a brief overview of the description of the constructions in sign language known as classifiers. We focus on the need to carry out theoretically driven linguistic analyses of their use in order to understand the structure and function of these pervasive devices within the grammars of different sign languages. Research on classifiers at the level of phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics and discourse structure as well as in different populations of signers (native, non-native, child and atypical signers) will assist us in the understanding of these complex structures within the context of current research on sign language linguistics.

In this study, an analysis on the breaking elongation mechanism of the polyester/viscose blended open-end rotor spun yarns has been carried out. In addition, a back propagation multi layer perceptron (MLP) network and a mixture process crossed regression model with two mixture components (polyester and viscose blend ratios) and two process variables (yarn count and rotor speed) are developed to predict the breaking elongation of polyester/viscose blended open-end rotor spun yarns. Seven different blend ratios of polyester/viscose slivers are produced and these slivers are manufactured with four different rotor speed and four different yarn counts in rotor spinning machine. In conclusion, ANN and statistical model both have given satisfactory predictions; however, the predictions of ANN gave relatively more reliable results than those of statistical models. Since the prediction capacity of statistical models is also obtained as satisfactory, it can also be used for breaking elongation (%) prediction of yarns because of its simplicity and non-complex structure. In addition, it is also found in this study that yarn count, rotor speed and breaking elongation of polyester-viscose fibers and the blend ratios of these fibers in the yarn have major effects on yarn breaking elongation.

The aim of this paper is to provide a broad overview of Object Database Management Systems (ODBMSs). It discusses the shortcomings of existing database technology to meet the requirements for "next-generation" applications that require support for richer data types and complex structures. Object and data management requirements for ODBMSs are also briefly reviewed. Six major classification models are presented including Data Models, Architectures, Storage Server Models, Alternative Object Database Strategies, Language Data Models, and Evolution versus Revolution. Areas for standards are briefly considered and, finally, the main strengths and weaknesses are discussed. 1. Introduction The object paradigm has been applied to programming languages, user interfaces, design methodologies, operating systems, hardware architecture, and database systems. This has been prompted by the desire to control complexity and harness the expanding system environment (e.g. multimedia informat...