Cultural Science

Öz Toplumlar çeitli etkenler aracılııyla zaman ve mekan içerisinde mental ya da yapısal deiimlere urarlar. Kültür/toplum üzerinde bu balamda etkili olan sosyolojik, ekonomik, politik, askeri, bilimsel, kültürel, sanatsal birçok deiken söz konusudur. Hangi alanda olursa olsun, yabancı toplumlar arasında gerçekleen her türlü etkileimde, barolü çeviri ve çevirmen oynamaktadır. nsanlık tarihi boyunca çevirinin, birçok alanda toplumsal ve kültürel deiimlere neden olduu herkesçe bilinmekte ve kabul edilmektedir. Dini, sosyolojik, ekonomik, sanatsal, bilimsel veya ekonomik alanda kültürlerarası gerçekleen bu etkileimler çevirmen ve onun eylemi sonucu ortaya çıkmı çeviri aracılııyla meydana gelmi ve hala da gelmektedir. Tarih boyunca çevirmenler yaadıkları medeniyetlerde önemli etkiler gösterdiklerinden, deerli görülmüler ve çok önemli görevleri üstlenmilerdir. Kimi devlet ve imparatorluklar tarihte bu deerin farkına varıp, yararlanıcı bir anlayıla çeviri politikaları üretmi ve sürdürmülerdir. Bu çalımada çeviri ve çevirmenin erek toplum/kültürün önce mental daha sonra da yapısal deiimindeki etkileri, kuramsal ve tarihsel balamda ele alınmaa çalıılacak ve kültür planlayıcıları oldukları gerekçelendirilmee çalıılacaktır. Çalımamızın amacı, günümüzde kültür planlayıcısı olarak görülmesi gereken çevirmen ve çevirinin, Türkiye Cumhuriyetinde, politik anlamda hangi konumda olduu ve deerlerini bulmaları için nasıl bir politika gelitirilmesi gerektiinin ortaya konmasıdır. Ayrıca bir toplumun bilgi ve fikir açısından gelimesine etki edebilen böyle önemli bir etkinliin ve böyle önemli bir aktörün, devlet erki tarafından, devletin ve toplumun menfaatleri açısından kullanılmasının, bir devletin politik görevlerinden birisi olarak kabul edilmesi gerektii vurgulanacaktır. Abstract Societies undergo mental or structural changes by time and environment via several factors. In this regard, there are a lot of variables which are effective on culture / society such as sociological, economic, political, martial, scientific, cultural and artistic. No matter in which field it is, translation and translators are key factors in every kind of interaction among offshore societies. Throughout human history, it is well-known and accepted that translation caused social and cultural changes in many fields. These intercultural interactions in religious, sociological, economic, artistic or scientific field occurred as a result of translators and their translational acts and still in progress. Translators have been regarded valuable in their civilizations throughout the history thanks to their crucial contributions and assigned vital tasks. In the past, some states and empires realized the importance of translators and produced translation policies with beneficiary mentality. In this study, the effects of translation and translators in primarily mental and then structural change of target society / culture

De coloribus et mixtionibus is one of the best-known texts of the Mediaeval technical li- terature. As far as we know, this short work devoted to the preparation of pigments and their mixtures represents the most widespread treatise for illumination of the Middle-Ages. Associated with other known literary works or in independent form, in an extended version or in excerpts, the De coloribus et mixtionibus is preserved in more than sixty manuscripts throughout Europe, dating back to between the end of the 11th and the 17th centuries. This paper aims to present an updated analysis of the complex manuscript tradition and transmission of the treatise, followed by some considerations on its origin and diffusion and an edition of the text.

Il De coloribus et mixtionibus è uno dei testi più noti della letteratura tecnica medievale. Per quanto ci è noto, questo breve componimento dedicato alla preparazione dei pigmenti e alle loro me- scolanze costituisce il trattato di miniatura più diffuso del Medioevo. Associato ad altre opere o in forma indipendente, in versione estesa o per estratti, il De coloribus et mixtionibus si conserva in più di sessanta manoscritti in tutta Europa, databili tra la fine dell’XI e il XVII secolo. Nel contributo si propone un’analisi aggiornata della complessa tradizione manoscritta e della trasmissione del trattato, seguita da alcune consi- derazioni sulla sua origine e diffusione e da un’edizione del testo.

El De coloribus et mixtionibus es uno de los textos más conocidos de la literatura técnica me- dieval. Esta breve composición dedicada a la preparación de pigmentos y sus mezclas constituye el tratado de miniatura más difundido de la Edad Media. Asociado a otras obras o en forma independiente, en versión ampliada o en extractos, el De coloribus et mixtionibus se conserva en más de sesenta manuscritos en toda Europa, que datan de finales del siglo XI al siglo XVII. La contribución propone un estudio actualizado de la compleja tradición manuscrita y transmisión del tratado, seguido de algunas consideraciones sobre su origen y difusión y de una edición del texto.

The topic of this research is a novel entertainment form currently emerging from the youngest human communication technology, the Internet. This form, products based on it, and the conceptual framework describing it are all referred to as Entertainment Architecture (‘entarch,’ for short). Entarch is classified as Internet-native transmedia entertainment — it fully utilises the unique communicative characteristics of the Internet and is not based on just one medium. A number of entarch examples are explored through ‘immersive’ textual analysis — a new mode of textual analysis required for research into this kind of entertainment. As a secondary priority, entarch is related to the movie — which is chosen as an exemplary existing entertainment form finding itself in a radically uncertain formal, business, and industrial environment, and accordingly is struggling financially. Throughout, formal, business, and industrial consequences of the emergence of Entertainment Architecture are explored.This research is an example of applied cultural science, as it treats culture as a source of innovation and a complex dynamic system with technological as well as human characteristics. It analyses the dynamics of cultural change in the context of business development, consumer experience, and economic evolution — with an intrinsically transdisciplinary methodology.

Статья представляет собой подробный анализ стихотворения А. С. Пушкина "Аквилон" в историко-литературном контексте. Ставя под сомнение традиционные автобиографические трактовки произведения, автор исследует жанровую природу текста, выявляет его предполагаемые литературные источники и предлагает принципиально новую его интерпретацию.

The article represents an elaborated analysis of Pushkin's 'Aquilon' (1824) in its historical and literary context/ Casting doubt on the traditional autobiographical readings of the poem, te author investigates its genre nature, reveals its probable literary sources and offers a radically new interpretation.

It is only since global media and digital communications became accessible to ordinary populations – with Telstar, jumbo jets, the pc and mobile devices – that humans have been able to experience their own world as planetary in extent. What does it mean to be one species on one planet, rather than a patchwork of scattered, combative and mutually untranslatable cultures? One of the most original and prescient thinkers to tackle cultural globalisation was Juri Lotman (1922-93). On the Digital Semiosphere shows how his general model of the semiosphere provides a unique and compelling key to the dynamics and functions of today's globalised digital media systems and, in turn, their interactions and impact on planetary systems.

Developing their own reworked and updated model of Lotman's evolutionary and dynamic approach to the semiosphere or cultural universe, the authors offer a unique account of the world-scale mechanisms that shape media, meanings, creativity and change – both productive and destructive. In so doing, they re-examine the relations among the contributing sciences and disciplines that have emerged to explain these phenomena, seeking to close the gap between biosciences and humanities in an integrated 'cultural science' approach.

Japanese speech acts are known as keigo consisting of two types, namely sonkeigo and kenjoogo. The first is used to express respect with regard to activities or circumstances of the other person and the persons being discussed. The second is used to denote respect to other persons or persons who become the topic of conversation by humbling oneself. The purpose of this study is to determine the ability of Japanese non-native learners in the use of keigo and to describe the forms of errors and the factors underlying the occurrence of errors in the use of keigo. The research was carried out in two Japanese Literature Study Programs at Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara and at Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Riau. The research used qualitative and quantitative methods with its main characteristics for the measurement (the questionnaires) are the same. The result shows that the percentage of students' abilities in the use of sonkeigo and kenjoogo are 39.3% and 43.11% respectively at the Japanese Literature Study Program, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, University of Sumatera Utara and 35.3% and 35.08% respectively at the Japanese Language Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Riau. The result also shows that, from both institutions, their abilities in using the keigo are low (below 50%) meaning the keigo is considered very difficult because of the large amount of vocabularies and of shape pattern changes.

This report presents the AU findings for research in Australia which parallels the EU Kids Online project (see www.eukidsonline.net). Specifically, it includes selected findings, calculated and interpreted for Australia only, but with some comparisons made with the survey data and analysis reported in Livingstone, S., Haddon, L., Görzig, A., and Ólafsson, K. (2011). Risks and safety on the internet: The perspective of European children. Full Findings. LSE, London: EU Kids Online, and comparisons with some country reports of the 25 nations participating in EU Kids Online II. The Australian research was funded by the ARC Centre of Excellence for Creative Industries and Innovation in 2010 and involved 400 children and their families, a smaller sample than the 1,000 families per country in the other 25 nations. The fieldwork used the EU Kids Online surveys and protocols, but was conducted about 6 months later than in Europe.

In their respective fields, Aleksandr Bogdanov and Sergey Eisenstein made a radical break with traditional modes of thought. Both sought to bring the findings of modern science into their respective disciplines. We examine some of the theoretical issues that exercised Sergey Eisenstein during the years 1920-1924 when he worked in the Russian Proletarian Cultural-Educational Organization, of which Bogdanov was one of the founders. We ask how far Eisenstein was influenced by Marxism and by the ideas of Bogdanov. We explain the departure of Eisenstein from the Proletkult in terms of the unacceptability of Eisenstein's theory and practice in theatre and film and of his political orientation to the Chairman of the Proletkult, Valeriyan Pletnëv, at a time when the Agitprop Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, at Lenin's behest, was taking steps to reduce the scope of activities of the Proletkult, discredit Bogdanov as a thinker, and exclude him from politics.

This paper explores the rise of cultural economy as a key organising concept over the 2000s. While it has intellectual precursors in political economy, sociology and postmodernism, it has been work undertaken in the fields of cultural economic ...

Budaya lokal merupakan suatu hal yang harus diperkenalkan kepada masyarakat sejak usia muda. Nantinya masyarakat akan mudah beradaptasi dan bertanggung jawab terhadap lingkungan sekitarnya. Kebudyaaan daerah tidak selalu dipandang sebagai seni, namun pengetahuan asal daerah tersebut atau biasa disebut dengan indigenous knowledge. Perpustakaan sekolah tentu mempunyai peran akan hal tersebut. Memperkenalkan kebudyaan bisa dengan mengajak siswanya terjun langsung untuk mempraktikannya, diskusi ilmiah, infografis, dan membuat sejenis spot/corner kebudayaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode studi literatur yang artinya menjadikan literatur tentang topik terkait sebagai sumber data utama, serta dibutuhkan analisis yang mendalam.

This essay explores the diffractive relationship between Aleksandr Bogdanov and Otto Neurath. Using a diffractive methodology derived from Karen Barad, these two thinkers are brought into relationship through their impact upon the German Figurative Constructivists, a political-art movement which emerged from the Council Communist current grouped around the Berlin review Die Aktion. This yields a contextualization of both Bogdanov and Neurath within the political environment that arose within Social Democracy in the first third of the twentieth century. This interpretation provides a basis for how tektological approaches can be implemented in the age of digitized information.

Estonia is recognised for its optimism with regard to ICTs – the country has benchmarking online services and the number of start-ups per inhabitant is the highest in Europe. The ways this enthusiasm is translated into its audiovisual policy is the topic of this paper. Estonia’s internal market for audiovisual services is very small and this limits the degrees of freedom for its institutional actors – commercial broadcasters do not drive market innovation.  Yet, the responsibility of PSBs for innovation coordination is not recognised in Estonia’s policy frameworks. In contrast, many new initiatives are funded that are aimed at supporting the cooperation of the AV industry’s SMEs with ICT sector. Such initiatives rely on the hope for scalable returns to national GDP rather than generating diversity in media. Yet, these measures suffer from structural constraints that limit the growth of media SMEs in small peripheral countries. The paper raises related issues for both national and European policies.

In this article, we advocate for media studies to adopt a systematic evolutionary-complexity model, in order to link the study of human culture and knowledge practices to the biosphere and geosphere, arguing that such global phenomena require a new kind of cultural science. For this purpose, we extend Juri Lotman's model of the semiosphere to the "digital semiosphere", superseding inherited adversarial models in both mainstream media and media studies. We contrast the mediation of Covid-19 with that of the climate crisis, using Lotman's model to propose that, in the digital semiosphere, the global emergence of girl-led climate activism and far-right Covid-19 conspiracy groups indicates how new social classes are organising around the means of their own mediation. We discuss ways to study and forecast such emergent processes using the means of cultural data analytics and related approaches.

The topic of this research is a novel entertainment form currently emerging from the youngest human communication technology, the Internet. This form, products based on it, and the conceptual framework describing it are all referred to as Entertainment Architecture (‘entarch,’ for short). Entarch is classified as Internet-native transmedia entertainment — it fully utilises the unique communicative characteristics of the Internet and is not based on just one medium. A number of entarch examples are explored through ‘immersive’ textual analysis — a new mode of textual analysis required for research into this kind of entertainment. As a secondary priority, entarch is related to the movie — which is chosen as an exemplary existing entertainment form finding itself in a radically uncertain formal, business, and industrial environment, and accordingly is struggling financially. Throughout, formal, business, and industrial consequences of the emergence of Entertainment Architecture are exp...

This article examines some of the theoretical issues that exercised Sergei Eisenstein during the years 1920–1924 when he worked in the Russian Proletarian Cultural-Educational Organization (Proletkult), of which Aleksandr Bogdanov was one of the founders. We ask how far Eisenstein was influenced by Marxism in general and by the ideas of Bogdanov in particular, and explain his exit from the Proletkult in terms of the unacceptability of his theory and practice of theatre and film to the Chairman of the Proletkult, Valeriyan Pletnëv. During these years the Agitprop Department of the Central Committee of the Communist Party, at Lenin’s behest, was taking steps to reduce the scope of activities of the Proletkult, discredit Bogdanov as a thinker, and exclude him from politics.

The first thing this article tries to do is discuss the Estonian audiovisual media and content production system in its entirety – i.e. to look at film, television and interactive audiovisual services as an increasingly integrated system. Secondly, it tries to understand the issues that this convergence process presents to these formerly distinct sub-fields of the audiovisual culture, as well as for the country’s cultural policy makers. Thirdly, it presents an alternative rationale for audiovisual policymaking – reconceptualising the policy in support of an ‘innovation system’. The aim of this policy would be to improve ‘inno- vation coordination’ – to make the system generate more innovative cultural forms and representations, which at the aggregate level would translate into increased cultural diversity. The article assesses the innovation coordination within the Estonian audiovisual media and content production system.

Questions on the theory of cognition formed one of the focal points in the dispute between orthodox Russian Marxists and Aleksandr Bogdanov and his followers. Bogdanov was an adherent of Mach’s theory, which abandoned Kant’s concept of “things-in-themselves” (Ding an sich) outside the cognizing subject. According to Mach and Bogdanov, there is no need to duplicate human experience in appearances given in the senses and things behind these appearances. The orthodox Marxists, Lenin as well as Plekhanov, insisted that Kant’s concept of things-in-themselves should be retained, but in a modified form: the things-in-themselves do not form a limit to our knowledge, as Kant (allegedly) thought, but turn into “things-for-us” in the everyday processes of material and scientific production. Both solutions, the Machian and the orthodox Marxist, have their problems. In the Soviet era, Lenin was depicted as the winner of the dispute. But a closer examination of Bogdanov’s arguments shows that he ...

If one accepts (following Poustilnik 1995 and 1998) that Aleksandr Bogdanov’s intention in using the term podbor over otbor aimed at defining the process by which the ‘system in its environment’ comes into and continues in existence, one is also constrained to accept that such systems are active agents in the definition of self. Systems that create and maintain themselves in this way actively ‘assemble’ or construct themselves in reference to the nature of their relationship with their environments, rather than passively surviving in relation to environmental conditions. By extending this interpretation (of the choice of podbor over otbor) to the proletariat, as an individually and collectively adaptive system, it becomes possible to visualize the Proletkult as a conscious project to create an environment where it (the proletariat) could construct and adapt itself as a politically active, relevant and dominant class, thereby placing creative and cultural workers in the forefront of ...

This paper examines the development of open knowledge in China through two case studies: the development of Chinese open access (OA) journals, and national-level OA repositories. Open access and open knowledge are emerging as a site of both grass-roots activism, and top-down intervention in the practices of scholarship and scholarly publishing in China. Although the language, vision and strategies of the global open knowledge movement are undoubtedly present, so too are the messy realities of open access and open knowledge innovation in a local context. In attempting to position open access developments in China within a diverse and contested global landscape of open knowledge innovation we draw on Moore’s (2017) conception of open access as a boundary object: an object that is understood differently within individual communities but which maintains enough structure to be understood between communities (Moore 2017; Star and Griesemer 1989). Viewed as a boundary object, the concept o...

With the emergence of natural scientific disciplines, participants had to differentiate their scientific practices from those of older intellectual practices, including philosophy. They also had to justify the growing disciplinary division of labor. The two tasks became even thornier once human activity and its objective results became the object-matter of science. Eventually, scientists of human activity, recognizing that all human knowledge is a product of human activity, turned their analytical lenses on knowledge-producing activities and their objective results, including their own. Thus, the problem of a disciplinary science of science was born, along with the task of differentiating it from the philosophy of science and epistemology, as well as from the sociology of science and the sociology of knowledge, two subdisciplines of sociology.
Building on Florian Znaniecki’s vision for disciplinary cultural sciences and his theory of the cultural evolution of human knowledge(s), this dissertation offers a theory of the intellectual order of intellectual values in its connection to the non-intellectual arenas. Chapter 1 focuses on the problem of knowledge as a byproduct of commonsense and occupational practices. Chapter 2 analyzes the world of knowledge before the emergence of the exploratory sciences. And Chapter 3 theorizes the growing division of scientific-exploratory labor into branches, disciplines, and subdisciplines, arguing that the most recent developments in the intellectual order of intellectual values are (a) the emergence of disciplinary exploratory-scientific practices, rooted in their new exploratory scientific standards—normative, methodological, and purposive—that differentiate exploratory-scientific practices from all other intellectual practices; (b) the emergence of disciplinary cultural-scientific practices that, together, give rise the emergence of the cultural branch of exploratory science, differentiated from the natural branch of science; and (c) the emergence of logology as a cultural scientific discipline dedicated to the scientific exploration for new intellectual (logological) facts and theories bearing on all intellectual (logological) facts, increasingly differentiated from the philosophy of science and sociology of science and knowledge.

Life storytelling projects have become an important means through which public service media institutions such as the Australian Broadcasting Corporation are seeking to foster audience participation and involve particular cohorts in the creation and distribution of broadcast content. This paper contributes to the wider conversation on audience participation within public service media intuitions (PSMs), and focuses on the opportunities and challenges that arise within life storytelling projects that are facilitated by these institutions, and that aim to ‘give voice’ to members of ‘the audience’. In particular, it focuses on two of the Australian Broadcasting Corporation’s current life storytelling projects: ABC Open and Heywire.

In this article, we advocate for media studies to adopt a systematic evolutionary-complexity model, in order to link the study of human culture and knowledge practices to the biosphere and geosphere, arguing that such global phenomena require a new kind of cultural science. For this purpose, we extend Juri Lotman's model of the semiosphere to the “digital semiosphere”, superseding inherited adversarial models in both mainstream media and media studies. We contrast the mediation of Covid-19 with that of the climate crisis, using Lotman's model to propose that, in the digital semiosphere, the global emergence of girl-led climate activism and far-right Covid-19 conspiracy groups indicates how new social classes are organising around the means of their own mediation. We discuss ways to study and forecast such emergent processes using the means of cultural data analytics and related approaches.

In Empiriomonism, Aleksandr Bogdanov introduces the term ‘affectional’ that he borrowed from Richard Avenarius but revised in the light of William James’s theory of emotions. The ‘affectional’ is an index of energy balance between suffering and pleasure. Employing Bogdanov’s revised notions of affectional as an element of any organization or complex, Sergei Eisenstein develops the principles of expressivity. He sees emotions as an organism’s embodied reaction to its interaction with the environment. Eisenstein proposes a notion of an emotional script, which is a narrative of a prospective viewer telling what has impressed him. Aleksandr Rzheshevskiy, a scriptwriter of Eisenstein’s never completed ‘Bezhin Meadow’ (1937), became an ‘emotional scriptwriter’ in practice. The paper investigates the relations between Bogdanov’s notions of the affectional, Eisenstein’s theory of expressiveness, and the emotional script as conceived by Eisenstein and realized by Rzheshevskiy.

The research reported in this paper examines how two different groups, primary schoolchildren and elderly people, could close the generation gap through a digital storytelling-based interaction framework that can result in learning for the younger and intergenerational communication. Yesteryear jobs have been chosen as the theme of this research, based on the premise that, as computers and automated systems increasingly take the jobs humans once held, entire professions become extinct, and some of these endangered professions, from a milkman to an iceman, could become better known to primary school children through storytelling from elderly people. In this respect, the research reported in this paper has combined digital storytelling with techniques as traditional as theatrical games, in order to create a blended framework for intergenerational interactions. The research project was realized in the 15th Primary School of Piraeus, in Athens, Greece during academic years 2011-12 and 2...

Cultural Science Journal (https://culturalscience.org/) is an Open Access journal that was started by Professor John Hartley and colleagues in 2008 at the Queensland University of Technology. Most recently it has been published by Ubiquity Press and Curtin University’s Centre for Culture and Technology. After 13 years of activity the editorship of the journal is handed over this year to professors Indrek Ibrus and Maximilian Schich, both of Tallinn University. The journal will be published by Tallinn University's Cultural Data Analytics Open Lab (https://cudan.tlu.ee/) and it is currently being transferred to Sciendo platform (https://www.sciendo.com/).

Cultural Science Journal continues to be a multidisciplinary journal publishing original work on change and dynamics in culture, media and communications. It investigates structures, interactions, and processes of cultural systems at all levels of analysis and scales of application.

The Journal takes advantage of advances in cultural analytics, cultural data science, and cultural semiotics. It encourages active dialogue with evolutionary and institutional economics, biosemiotics, complexity science, network analysis, research in and cultural history and cultural evolution, specifying the ‘uses of culture’ from personal meanings to planetary platforms and systems of meaning.

Cultural Science Journal looks forward to publishing new work that is critical, analytical and/or empirical, but is most often dialogical: interested in the production and translation of new ideas and knowledge, especially across perceived and disputed borders between systems, groups, identities, and academic disciplines.

Building on the handover momentum we announce a Call for Papers aimed at rethinking the purposes, potentials and methods of 'cultural science'.

There is a large and rapidly increasing literature which analyses social networks for which substantial amounts of quantitative data are available. Further, there is a growing and related literature on what is referred to by economists as ‘information cascades’ on such networks. However, there is little discussion of the specific events which lead to either the creation of a network in the first instance, or of how a network which is latent in terms of its awareness evolves into a network on which individual behaviour/beliefs are actually altered. In this paper, we describe the process of emergence and evolution of a historical cultural and social network across which the opinions and behaviour of individuals were influenced. We also illustrate how empirical networks can be reconstructed relying principally on information contained in qualitative, historical sources. The specific example we use is religious belief in England in the 1550s. We describe how the burnings of Protestant l...

Reading and Writing in any domain, whether it is law, rap songs, academic essays, superhero comics, or whatever, are not just ways of decoding print, they are also caught up with ways of doing things, thinking about things, valuing things, and interacting with other people – that is, they are caught up with different sorts of social practices. (Gee 2007, p. 18) Reading and Writing, for James Gee, is how we engage with any knowledge community; what he calls a semiotic domain (2007). Our level of literacy in a given domain amounts to how well we can read (understand) and write (convey) the knowledge that the domain values. Education is all about teaching the student how to read and write. However, we read and write with much more than just pens and paper. Our literacy covers how we engage and interact within our domain of knowledge. In the following paper I will explore these ideas of reading and writing within the domain of Minecraft. I will use the educational theory of John Dewey t...