Electromagnetic Radiation

Spinal cord stimulation (SCS) is an effective method of relieving chronic intractable pain, and one of its key indications is failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS). The objective of the current study was to evaluate the cost effectiveness of 10 kHz high-frequency SCS (HF10 SCS) compared to conventional medical management (CMM), reoperation, and traditional nonrechargeable (TNR-SCS) and rechargeable SCS (TR-SCS). A health economic model of SCS in the United Kingdom was reproduced in the perspective of the health care system to simulate costs and quality adjusted life years (QALYs) over 15 years. In the model, both a decision tree and the Markov model were used to describe the health outcomes of the evaluated therapies. HF10 SCS therapy showed a favorable incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of £3,153 per QALY gained as compared to CMM and established dominance (less costly, more QALYs) compared to TNR-SCS (£8,802 per QALY vs. CMM) and TR-SCS (£5,101 per QALY vs. CMM). This first...

It is shown that it is possible to use synchrotron X-radiation to measure fast fluorescent emission in compounds not readily available in single-crystal form. Of 85 compounds tested, about half were found to have fluorescence below the limit of the technique used, which was about 0.05% of Bi4Ge3O12 (BGO). Others had emissions in the 0.1 to 1% range, and a

The experimental conditions by which electromagnetic signals (EMS) of low frequency can be emitted by diluted aqueous solutions of some bacterial and viral DNAs are described. That the recorded EMS and nanostructures induced in water carry the DNA information (sequence) is shown by retrieval of that same DNA by classical PCR amplification using the TAQ polymerase, including both primers and nucleotides. Moreover, such a transduction process has also been observed in living human cells exposed to EMS irradiation. These experiments suggest that coherent long range molecular interaction must be at work in water so to allow the observed features. The quantum field theory analysis of the phenomenon is presented.

In the last three decades, a large number of studies have been arisen, which dealt with the effects of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) in biological systems (Aaron & Ciombor, 1993; Tao & Henderson, 1999; Tofani et al., 2002b; Walker et al., 2007). The EMFs have been used in very important technological applications that concern in diagnosis (eg MRI, X-rays, CT). A part of scientific community turned its interest to the application of EMFs in the treatment of various pathological conditions, mainly in experimental level, such as osteoporosis, the ...

Large numbers of bats are killed by collisions with wind turbines, and there is at present no direct method of reducing or preventing this mortality. We therefore determine whether the electromagnetic radiation associated with radar installations can elicit an aversive behavioural response in foraging bats. Four civil air traffic control (ATC) radar stations, three military ATC radars and three weather radars were selected, each surrounded by heterogeneous habitat. Three sampling points matched for habitat type and structure, dominant vegetation species, altitude and surrounding land class were located at increasing distances from each station. A portable electromagnetic field meter measured the field strength of the radar at three distances from the source: in close proximity (<200 m) with a high electromagnetic field (EMF) strength >2 volts/metre, an intermediate point within line of sight of the radar (200-400 m) and with an EMF strength <2 v/m, and a control site out of...

In this study SiO 2 -like films have been deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD) on Mg alloys employed in the automotive industry in different experimental conditions in order to optimize the protective effectiveness of the deposited layers. The experimental apparatus used was a capacitive coupled (CC) parallel-plate-reactor with an asymmetric electrode configuration, the electromagnetic radiation was applied

We think of flip chip as a solution for better performance, high I/O or absolute size reduction. But a new and exciting technology is now emerging where the flip chip is the unique answer to extreme cost reduction in a very low I/O product, the RFID tag. RFIDs are Radio Frequency Identification systems - tiny two-way radios with immense commercial