Geoscience and remote sensing

Abstract—In Earth observation programs there is a need of passive low frequency (L-band) measurements to monitor soil moisture and ocean salinity with high spatial resolution 10–20 Km, a radiometric resolution of 1K and a revisit time of 1–3 days [1]. Compared to total power radiometers ...

We present an approach to a segmentation of color cartographic images. This is a simultaneous segmentation-recognition-interpretation system when successfully segmented objects of interest (alphanumeric, punctual, linear, and area) are labeled by the system in the same gray-level values, but are different for each type of object. We call it the composite image technique. We exchange the source image for a number of composite image representations. Every composite image representation is associated with certain features. Some of the composite images that contain the objects of interest serve to be used in the following object detection-recognition-interpretation. The specification of features associated with perspective composite representations is regarded as a type of knowledge domain. The results of gray-level color image segmentation are presented.

SIR-C/X-SAR, a three-frequency radar to be flown on the Space Shuttle in September 1993, is described. The SIR-C system is a two-frequency radar operating at 1250 MHz (L-band) and 5300 MHz (C-band), and is designed to get four-polarization radar imagery at multiple surface angles. The X-SAR system is an X-band imaging radar operating at 9600 MHz. The discussion covers the mission concept; system design; hardware; RF electronics; digital electronics; command, timing, and telemetry; and testing.

Groundwater is the most important natural resource required for drinking to many people. The study presents a case study of heavy metal pollution in groundwater at the Mitrovica region, Kosovo. A numerous heavy metals and their parameters were considered in the analysis. The aim of the study is monitoring the presence of heavy metals in groundwater by developing of spatial database and compilation of thematic maps through GIS technology. GIS is used to represent the spatial distribution of the heavy metals. In order to represent the spatial distribution are used two interpolation techniques such as IDW and Spline. As well as the study involves the comparison analysis between IDW and Spline interpolation techniques. The populated data in GIS such as spatial and non-spatial data are based in the field investigations and field surveying as well as in the office data processing and calculating. In order to monitor groundwater pollution are used two known indices in worldwide, known as H...

Abstract—We describe a method that allows for accurate in-flight calibration of the interior orientation of any pushbroom camera and that in particular solves the problem of modeling the distortions induced by charge coupled device (CCD) misalign-ments. The distortion induced on the ...

The industrial and small-scale mining industries have provoke serious environmental degradation in the form of deforestation, soil erosion and soil and water contamination by Hg and other heavy metals. Remote sensing and GIS technologies were used to investigate the temporal and spatial extent of environmental degradation from 1986 to 2000 in the Tarkwa mining area. While most of the study area was a healthy ecosystem in 1986, by 2001, over 60% of the land was degraded to the point where it could not be used for any commercial activity. An additional 35,000 ha of land has been polluted and remediation would be very expensive. This state of environmental degradation through mining activities was further aggravated by extreme human population encroachment of the region. This study puts into perspective the need for the government to institute strict environmental regulations to protect mining areas.