Hydrogen Energy

As the global energy market shifts from coal, petroleum fuel, and natural gas to more environmentally friendly primary energy sources, hydrogen is becoming a crucial pillar in the clean energy movement. [35] The measurement delivers an order of magnitude improvement over the previous best and is a significant deviation from the most recent theoretical calculations. Resolving this discrepancy could lead to improvements in molecular quantum theory and could result in a better measured value for the proton radius. [34] Researchers at the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology have constructed a first-of-its-kind optic isolator based on resonance of light waves on a rapidly rotating glass sphere. [33] The micro-resonator is a two-mirror trap for the light, with the mirrors facing each other within several hundred nanometers. [32] "The realization of such all-optical single-photon devices will be a large step towards deterministic multi-mode entanglement generation as well as high-fidelity photonic quantum gates that are crucial for all-optical quantum information processing," says Tanji-Suzuki. [31] Researchers at ETH have now used attosecond laser pulses to measure the time evolution of this effect in molecules. [30] A new benchmark quantum chemical calculation of C2, Si2, and their hydrides reveals a qualitative difference in the topologies of core electron orbitals of organic molecules and their silicon analogues. [29] A University of Central Florida team has designed a nanostructured optical sensor that for the first time can efficiently detect molecular chirality-a property of molecular spatial twist that defines its biochemical properties. [28] UCLA scientists and engineers have developed a new process for assembling semiconductor devices. [27]

The engineering correlations for assessment of hazard distance defined by a size of fireball after either liquid hydrogen spill combustion or high-pressure hydrogen tank rupture in a fire in the open atmosphere (both for stand-alone and under-vehicle tanks) are presented. The term “fireball size” is used for the maximum horizontal size of a fireball that is different from the term “fireball diameter” applied to spherical or semi-spherical shape fireballs. There are different reasons for a fireball to deviate from a spherical shape, e.g., in case of tank rupture under a vehicle, the non-instantaneous opening of tank walls, etc. Two conservative correlations are built using theoretical analysis, numerical simulations, and experimental data available in the literature. The theoretical model for hydrogen fireball size assumes complete isobaric combustion of hydrogen in air and presumes its hemispherical shape as observed in the experiments and the simulations for tank rupturing at the g...

Pt nanoparticles were supported on Sb2O5.SnO2 (ATO), on carbon and on physical mixtures of ATO and carbon by an alcohol-reduction process using ethylene glycol as reducing agent. The obtained materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Their performance for ethanol oxidation was investigated at room temperature by chronoamperometry and in a direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) at 100 °C. Pt nanoparticles supported on a physical mixture of ATO and carbon showed a significant increase of performance for ethanol oxidation compared to Pt nanoparticles supported on ATO or on carbon.

Project funding and collaboration
• Norwegian Research Council
– Programme: RENERGI (Clean Energy for the
Future)
– 3 mill NOK granted for 3 years
• Norwegian University of Science and
Technology
– Philosophical and Historical Faculty
• Dept. of Interdisciplinary Studies of Culture
– Project co-ordinator: Professor Knut Holtan Sørensen
Background
• International Partnership for the Hydrogen
Economy
– 15 countries and the European Commission
– Implementing and liaison committee
• Socio-economic task force scoping paper:
– Analysis of stakeholders behaviour and strategy toward
hydrogen energy technologies in order to understand and react
to potential “allies” or “opponents”
– Analysis of the conditions for acceptance mainly through field
experients analysis. In that sense field sociological analysis
should accompany all demonstration projects and be reported.
– Agenda: identification of existing sociological studies conducted
on demonstration projects

Goals of the study
• Provide knowledge about socio-technical
elements of alternative energy
implementation in transport
– Specifically, hydrogen in Norway
• The HyNor project
– actor behaviour
– actor strategies
– strategy interaction
– actor visions
• Social learning
• Identify critical policy issues

A typical process of pressure swing adsorption (PSA) for H2 purification consists of a sequence of stages involving high pressure adsorption and low pressure desorption at a determined temperature. If it is desired to optimize a process already installed, the pressure cannot be easily modified.In this work the viability of modifying other operative variables was studied. For it, in the

This paper discusses the possibility of extraction of Hydrogen from urine and using it as a fuel to power various machinery and automobiles which could run on hydrogen fuel. The paper also attempts to show a practical layout of various processes and stages which could facilitate the conversion of urea into hydrogen molecules which can be then stored in compressed chambers and subsequently distributed as required. The design is compact, user-friendly, sustainable and is mostly based on domestic use.

Most microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) contain only a single set of electrodes. In order to examine the scalability of a multiple-electrode design, we constructed a 2.5 L MEC containing 8 separate electrode pairs made of graphite fiber brush anodes pre-acclimated for current generation using acetate, and 304 stainless steel mesh cathodes (64 m2/m3). Under continuous flow conditions and a one day hydraulic

As the GDL (Gas diffusion layer) is the most sensitive component in the fuel cell, any change in its structure causes a change in its porosity, which strongly influences the contact between the components of the fuel cell. Note that the state of contact depends on the applied clamping pressure, the thickness and the porosity of the GDL, and the geometry of the rib (bending radius) of the BPP (Bipolar plates). These components can be subject to variations coming from very high compression, so it is necessary to consider the reliability of their dimension via modeling/simulation by the integration of uncertainties. In this article, we will study the influence on the contact pressure of the uncertainties of the mechanical design parameters. A probabilistic approach (Gauss's law) is applied to evaluate the effect of the mechanical uncertainties parameter on the contact pressure between GDL/MEA and GDL/BPP.