Library and Archival Science

The thesis is divided into two parts and it aims to explain the historical events related to the bibliographical collection of the ancient Jesuit College of Perugia. The first part focuses on the Jesuit librarian history and on the reconstruction of the historical events related to the library of the Perugian college. The institute, founded in 1552, was endowed with a library a few years after its foundation, enriching its collection through different books acquisition channels. The analysis, conducted on unpublished archival documents and published material, reconstructs the events of the library by entering the special case of Perugia in the broader spectrum of the Jesuit librarian history . In this way I tried to provide a model of historical research adaptable to the different librarian realities of the ancient Society of Jesus. The second part of the dissertation consists of the partial reconstruction of the library catalog.

Although artificial intelligence is the product of science-fiction literature, it currently represents a significant branch of computer science dealing with intelligent behavior, machine learning, and machine adaptation. It has become a discipline that attempts to answer real-world problems. Artificial intelligence systems are nowadays widely used in economics and medicine, design or military. The role of archives is changing worldwide. In this grandiose transformation, archives need to be at the forefront of their own future, so that they can steer, guide, and not lose out.
The vast masses of information in archives provide an excellent platform for the exploitation of artificial intelligence. The mass of data can be a great help not only for research but also for policy preparation and in some areas of public administration in the not too distant future.

Unlike traditional mass media, peer interaction between individuals is of critical importance in the dissemination mechanisms for social media. There is emerging interest in the possible novel application of social media in disseminating public health information or messages. In this paper, we analyze tweet and re-tweet behaviour in the context of Australian public health-related micro-blog posts to provide preliminary insights into the characteristics of widely disseminated tweets (including characteristics of re-tweeting accounts). In this way we also consider the nature and role of human computer-mediated interactions in affecting the level of dissemination of Twitter-based public health messages.

The paper focuses upon the Ottoman registers, constituting significant part of the fond of Belogradchik, of Berkovitsa,
of Kula, of Lom, of Oryahovo, of Vidin and of Vratsa. All they are kept at the Oriental Department of the
Bulgarian National Library. The registers cast light on the demography and the economics of the settlements in the
Vidin district. Some registers provide information on the Circassian and Crimean refugees, on the Bulgarians who
emigrated to Russia and then returned to their villages in the Ottoman Empire and on the Gypsies of the Vidin region.
All these registers were prepared according to the laws and the instructions issued by the Sublime Porte. There
are many villages mentioned only in one register and the available data about them do not serve to trace any economic
tendency. The simultaneous study of the property, tithe, sheep and goat registers significantly facilitates the detayled
research on the economic characteristics of the settlement. The analyzed information helps determine the varying
individual positions of the local people at the “poverty-wealth” colleration. Besides, the everyday life of the local
people is to be compared with this in the villages of the same ecological environment, but administratively attached to
the neighbouring small district. That is why, the quickly obtaining of the registers, primary sources of multiple data,
is of immense importance.
In order to ease the detailed and correct research of the local history, to provide the quickly access to the documents
and to bring to light the archival sources inherited from the Ottomans, my paper summaries the registers,
offering information about the different settlements, in 7 appendixes.

2019. Vivimos en una sociedad archivada. Mejor aún, una sociedad digitalmente archivada. Nuestros dispositivos electrónicos (computadoras, tabletas, teléfonos inteligentes, pantallas de todo tipo) nos dan acceso a infinidad de carpetitas amarillas que, a su vez, contienen otra infinidad de carpetitas amarillas en las que archivamos ―nosotros o alguien más― una innumerable cantidad de documentos. Toda clase de documentos: fotos, libros, canciones, películas, artículos de periódicos, la tarea de la escuela, clases de la universidad, el papeleo impositivo, estudios médicos, contactos, conversaciones, videos, correspondencia, rutinas de ejercicios físicos, declaraciones de amor, lo que se imaginen. Y ni siquiera deben imaginarlo, sólo tienen que echar un vistazo a sus archivos.

Todo está ahí, en esas abultadas carpetitas amarillas. Al menos eso creemos: que efectivamente todo está ahí. En el disco rígido, en la nube, el chip, en esa cosa que ya parece tan natural como los árboles y las estrellas llamada internet. Uno de los rasgos de nuestra sociedad archivada es que aquello que no está guardado en las carpetitas amarillas, aquello que no está digitalizado y en línea, parece no existir. No lo tenemos en cuenta. Lo ignoramos.

Los archivos tradicionales no sólo deben enfrentarse con sus dificultades habituales (recortes de presupuesto, falta de personal calificado y de mobiliario idóneo, instrumentos de descripción inadecuados, desmembramiento de fondos documentales) sino encontrar un lugar en esta realidad digitalizada. Ser capaces de suplir la demanda de acceso inmediato a la información, pero también de organizarla, de sistematizarla, de interpretarla. De encontrar una voz clara en un espacio atestado de gritos desperdigados.

Архіви України. УДК 929Каленський:930.25(438)
Левченко Л.Л. Видатний польський архівіст Густав Каленський та його праця "Brakowanie akt". Стаття висвітлює біографію та наукову діяльність видатного польського архівіста Густава Каленського. Вперше в Україні публікується переклад його праці "Brakowanie akt", присвяченій експертизі цінності документів. Ключові слова: Густав Каленський; експертиза цінності документів.

In 2013 verwierf het Studie- en Documentatiecentrum Oorlog en Hedendaagse Maatschappij (CegeSoma) het archief van mr. Frédéric Eickhoff. Tijdens de Tweede Wereldoorlog verdedigde hij ongeveer 2500 verzetslieden die moesten verschijnen voor de Duitse militaire rechtbanken in bezet België. Tijdens de verwerving van dit archief doken heel wat vragen op omtrent de ontsluiting en raadpleging ervan. Een advocaat is tijdens de uitoefening van zijn beroep immers gebonden aan het beroepsgeheim. Welke beperkingen legt dit beroepsgeheim nog op met betrekking tot het archief van een advocaat na diens overlijden? Vanuit deze vraag werden dit onderzoek en de bijhorende stage uitgevoerd.
Aangezien advocatenarchieven een zeer uiteenlopende inhoud hebben en zeker niet allemaal archiefbescheiden bevatten die onder het beroepsgeheim vallen, is het in de eerste plaats nodig het type archief waarrond dit onderzoek draait goed te definiëren. Daarna wordt gekeken naar de eigenlijke inhoud van de advocatenarchieven die relevant waren voor dit onderzoek. Aan de hand hiervan werd een niet-exhaustieve typologie van archiefstukken, aanwezig in zaak- en cliëntdossiers binnen een advocatenarchief, opgesteld.
Het beroepsgeheim van de advocaat en privacybescherming zijn de twee belangrijkste aspecten van een advocatenarchief waarmee een archiefinstelling rekening dient te houden. Het beroepsgeheim van de advocaat heeft binnen de Belgische context een absoluut karakter. Dit houdt in dat het onbeperkt in de tijd blijft gelden, zelfs na overlijden van zowel de cliënt als zijn raadsman. Bovendien is het een wettelijke en contractuele verplichting die de advocaat ten opzichte van zijn cliënt en bij uitbreiding, ten opzichte van de democratische rechtsstaat, dient na te komen. In theorie mogen archiefstukken die gebonden zijn aan het beroepsgeheim dus nooit vrijgegeven worden. Binnen de rechtsleer gaan er echter stemmen op voor een versoepeling van het beroepsgeheim en bijgevolg af te stappen van dit absolute karakter. Het beroepsgeheim heeft ook niet in alle landen ter wereld een dergelijke absolute invulling. In verschillende (Europese) landen is het voor cliënten mogelijk hun advocaat te ontheffen van zijn beroepsgeheim, waarna de advocaat vrijuit mag spreken. Een dergelijke invulling van het beroepsgeheim is voor een land als België dus zeker niet onmogelijk.

Technology has revolutionized the ways in which libraries store, share, and access information. As digital resources and tools continue to advance, so too do the opportunities for libraries to become more efficient and house more information. E-Discovery Tools and Applications in Modern Libraries presents critical research on the digitization of data and how this shift has impacted knowledge discovery, storage, and retrieval. This publication explores several emerging trends and concepts essential to electronic discovery, such as library portals, responsive websites, and federated search technology. The timely research presented within this publication is designed for use by librarians, graduate-level students, technology developers, and researchers in the field of library and information science.

The purpose of this paper is to provide a critical analysis of the development of large-scale digital libraries within the context of ancient and Enlightenment ideas about the ‘universal library’ and its association with the promotion of universal knowledge.

Hospital de Todos-os-Santos [All Saints Hospital] received since 1504 - the year the Regimento [rules of procedure] were approved - the abandoned or orphaned children of the city. Minors were placed in the Hospital wheel so this institution would foster, support, and educate them. Since 1564 the Hospital administration was entrusted to the Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa. Some years later, in the aftermath of the devastating earthquake on November 1, 1755, that Confraternity took on the direct responsibility for assisting unprotected children, creating the Hospital dos Expostos [Foundling Hospital].
Therefore, a considerable collection of documents (almost 200 linear metres) relating to the assistance of foundlings, covering a period dating back to the 17th century, is preserved in the Historical Archive of the Santa Casa da Misericórdia de Lisboa (AHSCML). This collection includes different archival series, with common and complementary information.
Some of these series are rare, such as the foundling tokens, which consist in handwritten notes that were left with some children when they were placed on the wheel. Sometimes these documents were accompanied by other pieces of various types.

Fundamentando-se em recentes reflexões desenvolvidas na área da Arquivologia, notadamente no conjunto cada vez mais expressivo de trabalhos elaborados acerca das vantagens do emprego
da análise tipológica nos vários segmentos do processamento documental, a proposta busca contribuir para os estudos tipológicos dos documentos administrativos que estruturaram a
burocracia do império luso-brasileiro entre os anos de 1808 e 1821, período em que ocorreram a instalação e a consecutiva consolidação da Corte de D. João no Brasil. Objetiva-se, assim, auxiliar arquivistas no cumprimento das tarefas de organização documental e de disseminação da informação, bem como contribuir para a elaboração de glossários e de outros subsídios essenciais aos pesquisadores do tema.

The cases of archival crime in Indonesia, especially political cases, have been common news informed by media, from news paper, television, and social media. One of the disciplines which studies the archival forgery, as form of archival crime is diplomatics. This article analysed the case of the CC -Constitutional Court of the Repubic of Indonesia’s archival forgery carried out by Andi Nurpati as the chairman of GEC-General Election Commission in 2009. This paper examined the forgeries of the documents (2 letters sent from the CC to GEC) from archival diplomatics perspectives. It’s concluded that the two documents in the case of Andi Nurpati were not authentic and reliable due to the fact that they couldn’t fulfill the requirement of diplomatics in which the creation procedure and the components of author, writer and addressee didn’t  purport to be.

Bakalaura darba “Tematiskās kolekcijas izveide Latviešu folkloras krātuvē: novadpētniecības metodikas pielietojums” mērķis ir izveidot tematiskās kolekcijas struktūru, balstoties uz novadpētniecības metodiku. Tiek skatīta novadpētniecības materiālu saglabāšanas forma – tematiskās mapes, un to pielāgojums Latviešu folkloras krātuves tematiskajai kolekcijai. Darba teorētiskā bāze veidota pēc Stenlija Milgrama Mazo pasauļu teorijas un Džefrija Lēha Piecām valodas funkcijām. Izmantojot anketēšanas un klasteru analīzes metodes, darba autore nosaka struktūras elementus novadpētniecības mapēm, bibliotēku sadarbību novadpētniecības darbā un novadpētniecības mapju aktualitāti.
Rezultāti liecina, ka novadpētniecības mapju struktūra ir pielāgojama tematisku kolekciju veidošanai. Bibliotēku sadarbība notiek, tomēr to nevar noteikt pēc novadpētniecības tematisko mapju satura. Novadpētniecības mapes ir aktuāla novadpētniecības krājuma sastāvdaļa, kura tiek pārnesta uz digitālo vidi.

M. Wiśniewska, Funkcje archiwów społecznych, [w:] Archiwa organizacji pozarządowych w Polsce, red. T. Czarnota, M. Konstankiewicz, wyd. Naczelna Dyrekcja Archiwów Państwowych, Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Warszawa-Lublin 2015, s. 63-69.[

Chapter 3 presents empirically informed analyses of a number of new public
space projects initiated first as counter-projects and counter-spaces
by a variety of community and historic preservation society interests.
It demonstrates further that, Vancouver City Council (VCC) proved
receptive to the counter-projects and provided an overarching strategic
spatial framework within which the projects on the ground were
devised and implemented. This chapter also introduces the importance
of the social animation of public space, whether through politicised
collective action or ludic enjoyment. Changing representations of space
through time are shown to have implications for spatial practice on the ground, based on differences in the way social behaviour in public
space is understood and interpreted.

1) Le DVP (Document virtuel personnalisable) – définitions, objectifs et problèmes.
2) Deux exemples : la mise en ligne de manifestations scientifiques et la description de documentaires audiovisuels.
3) La sémiotique textuelle.
4) Le scénario sémiotique.

A great evening with the Friends of the Library brings a fascinating discussion around the promises and challenges of digital data. Four industry experts shared their insight and knowledge around information preservation, digitisation, retrieval, storage and continuity.

يعد الأرشيف العثماني التركي رابع دور الأرشيفات العالمية من حيث كمية الوثائق، وقد تم تصنيف 50%  من مجموع وثائقه التي تبلغ 150 مليون وثيقة، و هذه الوثائق تتناول مختلف مناحي الحياة الثقافية
و السياسية و الاقتصادية و الاجتماعية و الصحية ، و يشمل أيضا تاريخ 36 دولة ، و يعد مصدرا تاريخياً مهما ، لا مندوحة للباحثين في تاريخ الدولة العثمانية عن الرجوع إليه و الاستفادة من مقتنياته. و بالرغم من الأهمية البالغة للأرشيف العثماني و الوثائق التي يحتويها في الفترة الممتدة أربعة قرون، من تاريخ البلاد العربية في الحكم العثماني، فقد كانت تلك الأهمية غائبة عن أنظار كثير من الباحثين. كما أن علاقة هذا الأرشيف بدور الأرشيف العربية كانت غائبة عن أنظار مسؤوليها و أنظار الباحثين بشكل عام..

I Patti Lateranensi // Le fonti per la storia dei negoziati // Mussolini e Pio XI all’origine della Conciliazione // Dal primo scambio di idee alle trattative confidenziali (agosto – ottobre 1926) // I primi schemi di Trattato e Concordato (novembre – dicembre 1926) // Il prosieguo delle trattative e le conferenze di Monte Mario (gennaio – giugno 1927) // La sospensione delle trattative (giugno 1927 – gennaio 1928) // La ripresa delle trattative (gennaio – aprile 1928) // Nuova sospensione delle trattative (aprile – maggio 1928) // La ripresa e la conclusione delle trattative confidenziali (maggio – novembre 1928) // Le trattative ufficiali fino alla firma dei Patti Lateranensi (novembre 1928 – febbraio 1929) // Dalla firma dei Patti Lateranensi alla ratifica (febbraio – giugno 1929)

Sarà dedicato alla presentazione dell’Archivio digitalizzato per i documenti riguardanti la Storia del Marchesato di Monferrato, l’Incontro che si terrà presso la Sala Consiliare del Comune, via Goffredo Mameli n. 10 Casale Monferrato - giovedì 23 febbraio 2017 con inizio alle ore 17,30.
L’incontro dedicato all’Archivio storico del Monferrato è organizzato dal Circolo Culturale “I Marchesi del Monferrato” con il Patrocinio del Comune di Casale Monferrato.
L’incontro sarà aperto dal saluto dell’Assessore Daria Carmi, seguirà l’intervento di Roberto Maestri.
A conclusione di un intenso lavoro, avviato nel 2011, è stato attivato il Centro di documentazione storico digitale Archivio Monferrato raggiungibile all’indirizzo www.archiviomonferrato.com – sottolinea Roberto Maestri, presidente del Circolo Culturale “I Marchesi del Monferrato” - Associazione che ha ideato il progetto realizzato dalla Linelab di Alessandria con il sostegno della Regione Piemonte, della Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Alessandria e della Fondazione CRT.
Oltre duemilacinquecento schede sono già disponibili per la consultazione. Un lavoro che permette, già oggi, di ottenere un quadro completo delle oltre cinquecento località storicamente appartenute al Monferrato e delle biografie dei suoi Marchesi e Duchi, mentre procede la schedatura degli edifici (fortificati e religiosi), delle monete, delle opere d’arte e, soprattutto, delle innumerevoli pubblicazioni (libri e saggi) che trattano tematiche legate al Monferrato. Prossimamente il Comitato Scientifico si occuperà della gestione dei regesti, degli statuti e dell’inserimento dei link dei principali documenti che rinvieranno ai siti degli Istituti depositari (in primo luogo gli Archivi di Stato competenti). Si tratta di un immenso lavoro che, nei prossimi anni, permetterà al portale di contenere decine di migliaia di schede. 
Il Comitato Scientifico è composto dal responsabile Pierluigi Piano e dai collaboratori: Paolo Balbarani, Giorgio Dell’Oro, Walter Haberstumpf, Roberto Maestri, Manuela Meni, Giancarlo Patrucco, Blythe Alice Raviola, Dionigi Roggero, Sergio Schiavi. La segreteria è curata da Nadia Ghizzi, mentre Cinzia Montagna cura l’ufficio stampa e comunicazione.
L’accesso al portale consente, previa la registrazione gratuita, la possibilità di consultare tutti i materiali, in alcuni casi, liberamente scaricabili. Gli Utenti potranno interagire con il Comitato Scientifico anche utilizzando la messaggistica disponibile in ogni singola scheda; si ritiene, infatti, fondamentale fornire osservazioni e integrazioni.
Grazie al suo innovativo portale il Circolo Culturale “I Marchesi del Monferrato” rende disponibile uno strumento fondamentale, non solo per ricercatori e studenti, ma anche per promuovere turisticamente il Monferrato, accedendo a contenuti scientificamente corretti. 
“La finalità dell’Archivio è di contribuire alla crescita del territorio Monferrato in una prospettiva integrata fra ricerca scientifica e promozione territoriale – spiega Maestri -. I contenuti inseriti possono essere fruiti non soltanto in ambito strettamente scientifico, ma anche per la realizzazione di itinerari ed eventi di valorizzazione”.
L’Archivio mette a disposizione del pubblico un patrimonio di informazioni che riguardano oltre sette secoli di una prestigiosa storia, oggi più che mai attuale, considerando le opportunità che l’Europa e l’UNESCO offrono al nostro territorio.

Operation of the Central and State laws on right to information in India is integrally related to effective management of government records and information. This article makes a critical analysis of public records management in India, especially digital preservation, in the context of execution of central law on right to information in India—the Right to Information Act (2005). In particular, it makes a case for turning the gaze of all the stakeholders in the right to information movement to one of most significant, but neglected, legislation dealing with preservation, management, and organization of the records(including digital records) of the Central Government, the Public Records Act (1993). It emphasizes that in spite of a growing realization about the vital importance of the digital records and the imperative need for their management, the ground reality in government office shows the stark contrast between principle and practice. In the context of multi-disciplinary nature o...

This article examines five common misunderstandings about case-study research: (a) theoretical knowledge is more valuable than practical knowledge; (b) one cannot generalize from a single case, therefore, the single-case study cannot contribute to scientific development; (c) the case study is most useful for generating hypotheses, whereas other methods are more suitable for hypotheses testing and theory building; (d) the case study contains a bias toward verification; and (e) it is often difficult to summarize specific case studies. This article explains and corrects these misunderstandings one by one and concludes with the Kuhnian insight that a scientific discipline without a large number of thoroughly executed case studies is a discipline without systematic production of exemplars, and a discipline without exemplars is an ineffective one. Social science may be strengthened by the execution of a greater number of good case studies.

Archival Theory and Practice in the USA.
American archival science in the United States is a relatively unknown subject in Poland. The author’s intention is to synthesize the history of this discipline, which origins and development were different than Polish archival science.
The focus is on the analysis of the organization and functions of the National Archives in Washington (NARA), which, in authors opinion, allows to present a consistent and nationally representative practical and theoretical model of archival practice and methods.

Niniejszy tekst przedstawia metody empirycznych badań jakościowych oraz możliwości ich zastosowania w badaniach nad zarządzaniem dokumentacją. Autorka przybliża strategię badawczą studium przypadku, metodę wywiadu, metodę obserwacji oraz metodę shadowingu. Przedstawiono charakterystyczne cechy tych narzędzi teoretycznych oraz możliwości ich zastosowania w badaniu zarządzania dokumentacją, proponując przykładowe problemy czy tematy badawcze, które mogłyby zostać zgłębione z wykorzystaniem omawianych metod. W tekście przybliżono również wady i zalety zastosowania tego typu podejścia badawczego w omawianej dziedzinie wiedzy. Kończąc, autorka postuluje wprowadzenie elementów nauczania metodologii nauk społecznych w ramach studiów z zakresu archiwistyki i zarządzania dokumentacją.

The text presents methods of empirical qualitative research and their possible implementation in studying records management. The author describes case study strategy, as well as method of interview, observation and shadowing. The article introduces characteristic features of these theoretical tools, as well as possibilities for their use in records management research, and proposes some issues and research problems that could be studied using the methods described. Also advantages and disadvantages of using this approach in this specific research field were discussed. At the end, the author proposes implementation of some elements of social research methodology in teaching archival science and records management at university level.

This study introduces the book named “The Educational and Cultural
Services of Archives” written by İshak Keskin in 2014. The author, tackles the educational and cultural functions of the archives at the theoretical level and in all its aspects. The book which presents comprehensive and useful information for both archivists and researchers, consists of seven chapters:

The first and second chapters are about archives, archives’ main functions and the educational and cultural services of archives. The thirth, fourth and fifth chapters are about educational theories, evidence-based education and the relationship of these with archives. The sixth chapter is about the use of archive resources in the teaching of social sciences. And the seventh chapter is about the educational and cultural activities of archives of developed countries and organizing this activities The style of the author is scientific, clear and understandable.The resources used in the book are current and reliable. The book fills an important literature gap in Turkey.