Ancient History

The extent to which pre-Columbian societies altered Amazonian landscapes is hotly debated. We performed a basin-wide analysis of pre-Columbian impacts on Amazonian forests by overlaying known archaeological sites in Amazonia with the distributions and abundances of 85 woody species domesticated by pre-Columbian peoples. Domesticated species are five times more likely than nondomesticated species to be hyperdominant. Across the basin, the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species increase in forests on and around archaeological sites. In southwestern and eastern Amazonia, distance to archaeological sites strongly influences the relative abundance and richness of domesticated species. Our analyses indicate that modern tree communities in Amazonia are structured to an important extent by a long history of plant domestication by Amazonian peoples.

The Cilicia Region, which stretches between Korakesion and Alexandria Kat'Isson, is bordered by the Taurus Mountains in the north and the Mediterranean Sea in the south. Defined as Cilicia by the sources, the region serves as a natural bridge between Eastern and Western societies, and a significant route that provides communication between different cultures also passes through the region. Crossing the Gülek Pass, the route reaches Misis via Tarsus, then heads towards Mesopo-tamia. The nine-arch Misis Bridge is situated in Mopsu(h)estia (= Misis), which represents one of the important stops of this route. Even though the original construction of the bridge is associated with the Roman period, when and under which emperor it was built is controversial. Some resear¬chers relate the construction to the Valerian period, whereas others attribute it to the period of Constantius II. The aim of the study is to put forward a new view on the construction date of the Misis bridge. The anci...

The article presents a Nabataean text inscribed in raised relief on a bronze plate and dated to the seventh year of the Nabataean king Aretas IV (3 BC). The text is significant since it mentions the dedication of a water well/cistern by Aretas, to his god Dushara, the God of Gaia “for the life of himself and his wife ḥldw, queen of the Nabataeans, and their daughter pṣʾl.” The paper includes a commentary on the vocabulary of the text and sheds some light on water and its association with the cult in Nabataea. In addition, it provides some details about ḥldw, queen of the Nabataeans and pṣʾl, the daughter of Aretas and ḥldw, allowing an update of the Nabataean royal family tree.

Bu calismada, Osmanli’da merkezi yonetimin bulundugu Tarihi Yarimada ve yakin cevresinde, idari teskilatlanmanin gelistigi Tanzimat Donemi’nde (1839-1876), nezaretler (bakanliklar), meclisler ve Şeyhulislamlik ile diger idari birimlerin gorev yaptiklari binalar incelenmistir. Bu donemde yenilenen Bâbiâli binasinin yani sira, Bâb-i Seraskeri binalari ile Halic’in karsi kiyisinda, eski yerinde yapilan Bahriye Nezareti binasi, nezaretler icin insa edilen yapilardir. Belediye hizmeti veren Şehremaneti ve guvenlikten sorumlu Zaptiye idareleri ile, cesitli meclislerin toplandigi, bazi nezaretleri bunyesinde barindiran Ticarethane’nin birkac bina degistirdigi belirlenmistir. Egitim yapisi olarak insa edilen I. Dârulfunun ile II. Dârulfunun binalari, sonradan cesitli nezaretlerin kullanimina verilmistir. Telgrafhane ve Hazine-i Evrak binalari, yeni islev iceren idari yapilardir. Bu donemde, nezaretler ve idari kurumlarin haricinde, selamlik dairelerinde toplantilarin yapildigi, bazilari son...

The article describes barrow [kurgan] 5 of the Samarsk II barrow burial site at the village of Samarsk in today’s republic of Bashkortostan. Although the burials were highly disturbed, research has permitted them to be correlated with sites of the Bronze Age Yamna culture funerary rituals of the Volga-Ural region.

La década de 1970 indica, en la producción historiográfica sobre el Imperio Romano, la emergencia de un revisionismo que desembocó en una postura opuesta a la convencional. Por un lado, la versión tradicional sostiene que los siglos posteriores a la caída del Occidente Imperial Romano expresaron el colapso de una civilización. Y por otro, la publicación de The World of Late Antiquity (Brown, 1971) abrió en los estudios clásicos un nuevo período, la Antigüedad Tardía (siglos III-VIII) que narra la etapa sin “decadencias ni colapsos catastróficos”.Instituto de Investigaciones en Humanidades y Ciencias Sociales (IdIHCS

Modern humans have populated Europe for more than 45,000 years1,2. Our knowledge of the genetic relatedness and structure of ancient hunter-gatherers is however limited, owing to the scarceness and poor molecular preservation of human remains from that period3. Here we analyse 356 ancient hunter-gatherer genomes, including new genomic data for 116 individuals from 14 countries in western and central Eurasia, spanning between 35,000 and 5,000 years ago. We identify a genetic ancestry profile in individuals associated with Upper Palaeolithic Gravettian assemblages from western Europe that is distinct from contemporaneous groups related to this archaeological culture in central and southern Europe4, but resembles that of preceding individuals associated with the Aurignacian culture. This ancestry profile survived during the Last Glacial Maximum (25,000 to 19,000 years ago) in human populations from southwestern Europe associated with the Solutrean culture, and with the following Magdal...

Spinal cord injury (SCI) represents a significant health and social problem, and therefore it is vital to develop novel strategies that can specifically target it. In this context, the objective of the present work was to develop a new range of three-dimensional (3D) tubular structures aimed at inducing the regeneration within SCI sites. Up to six different 3D tubular structures were initially developed by rapid prototyping: 3D bioplotting-based on a biodegradable blend of starch. These structures were then further complemented by injecting Gellan Gum, a polysaccharide-based hydrogel, in the central area of structures. The mechanical properties of these structures were assessed using dynamic mechanical analysis, under both dry and wet conditions, and their morphologies/porosities were analyzed using micro-computed tomography and scanning electron microscopy. Biological evaluation was carried out to determine their cytotoxicity, using both minimum essential medium (MEM) extraction an...

The majority of the Early Iron Age cremation graves of women near the Middle Danube in northeast Croatia and northwest Serbia, in the cemeteries of Batina, Dalj, Vukovar, Sotin and Doroslovo, contained an urn, a set of ceramic vessels, and sometimes costume accessories and additional jewellery items, such as hair bands, pendants, or fibulae. The present paper uses interdisciplinary analysis and interpretation to examine the chronology of graves 101 and 105 from the cemetery of Batina and the role of the women in the community that lived on the site in the Early Iron Age.

En 1988 se creó, por primera vez, una cátedra de Historia Antigua en la Cataluña postguerra civil. La cátedra de Historia Antigua había sido asociada a la de Prehistoria, regida por el profesor. D. Joan Maluquer de Montes i Nicolau, quien no aprovechó la oportunidad de dividir ambas cátedras en el momento, en el que tanto la asignatura de Prehistoria como la de Historia Antigua se convirtieron en dos materias troncales en los planes de estudio

This paper focuses on Dressel 20 stamps found on the Tyne-Solway isthmus and Hadrian’s Wall from the fi rst to the fourth century AD. The aim is to describe olive oil imports to the limes of Britannia by focusing on the distribution of stamps along the wall, their location and the most common stamp dies. This research also provides an accurate analysis of olive oil exportation by studying the workshops (fi glinae) where these stamps were produced, and by describing the economic activity of fi glinae from a chronological and administrative standpoint.

E’ il primo di due volumi di un’opera che cerca di illustrare le vie e le città d’Italia esistenti in epoca romana. I tracciati delle strade sono dedotti da due fonti primarie, l’Itinerarium Antonini Augusti e la Tabula Peutingeriana, da molteplici fonti secondarie, fra cui principalmente il Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, e da reperti archeologiche, notizie storiche e altro. Per i centri abitati l’attenzione è dedicata principalmente ai centri di cui è stato possibile definire la cerchia delle mura e quindi l’estensione dell’abitato racchiuso fra le stesse.

This paper explores the Pindaric tradition in Μπολιβάρ. It discusses how the poetics of praise and their function in Pindar's odes may illuminate the modern poem's form and aspirations especially as far as the role of the poet within the community is concerned. What is more, the discussion of the sculptural monuments within the poem allows for a better illustration of the tensions that Engonopoulos stages in Μπολιβάρ between the poet as hero and the poet as outcast. The paper also explores the cultural and intellectual circumstances in the decade prior to the publication of the poem that may have led Engonopoulos to choose the figure of Simón Bolívar as the central character of his poem and of Abraham Lincoln as Bolívar's "double" in the poem's famous conclusion. ver since the time of Horace, Pindar's poetry has been referred to as a poetry of the sublime: he is "like a river, rushing down from the mountains, / that the rain has filled above its us...

The article presents the results of the archaeological excavations at an extra muros church, situated on the northern slope of the Sarnena Gora Mountain, not far from the village of Buzovgrad, Kazanlak region (Figs. 1–3). Built in the early 6th century, the church was robbed at the end of the century. Most probably, it was temporarily occupied by the same military squad, which had desecrated it. This occupation is evidenced by remains of fire, pottery shards and animal bones found on the floor as well as some specific artifacts (Figs. 4–7). A handmade ceramic jar found in a layer of destructions in the narthex (Fig. 8) provides evidence for another period of occupation. The jar is related to the early period of the Slavic occupation on the Balkans in the late 6th and the early 7th century. Several fragments of discarded and overturned medieval ceramics indicate the time when the church was used as a quarry for construction materials (7th – 9th century) (Fig. 9). The archaeological r...

The article proposes a solution for the implementation of the ETL process and the data lake of the Ethnocultural Bank of the Indigenous peoples of the North. The Ethnocultural Bank is an aggregating information resource on the languages and cultures of indigenous peoples of the North, which can become the basis for using NLP technologies and automating the processing of texts in these languages.

Pamphylia kentlerinden Perge’de üç nekropolis bulunmaktadır. Bunlardan ilki ve Arkaik Dönem’den Hellenistik Dönem’e kadar yoğun olarak kullanılanı, akropolis eteklerindekidir. Kentin doğu ve batı surları dışında Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne tarihlenen iki nekropolis alanı daha vardır. Bu nekropolis¬lerde yerel kireçtaşı, traverten ve ithal mermerden yapılmış çok sayıda lahit bulunmuştur. Bu lahitler, malzemesine göre ithal ve yerel olarak iki ana gruba ayrılmaktadır. İthal mermerden yapılan lahitler; Dokimeion, Prokonnessos ve Attika’dan yarı işli ya da tamamlanmış biçimde getirilmişlerdir. Perge nekropolislerindeki ithal lahit konteksti içinde Roma İmparatorluk Dönemi’ne tarihlenen girlandlı (yarı ve tam işli), figürlü̈ frizli, madalyonlu, köşe sütun ya da pilasterli (Torre Nova) ve sütunlu tipte lahitler bulunmaktadır. Bu makalede 2003 yılında Perge Batı Nekropolis’te, Dokimeion figürlü frizli lahit grubu içinde yer alan Amazonomakhia tasvirli lahit incelenmiştir. Lahit, 2003 yılın...

In 1954, Walter Beasley, the founder of the Australian Institute of Archaeology (the Institute), financially supported a young Australian archaeologist, G.R.H. Wright, to excavate tombs at Tauchira, near modern Tocra, and Euesperides, in present day Benghazi, Libya. Excavations produced artefacts some of which were sent to the Institute for its museum collection. This paper alerts scholars to the Institute's holdings from the excavations at Tauchira and Euesperides.

Materialist science does not see that consciousness is causal and fundamental. In contrast, as the body of nonlocal consciousness research has become more rigorous, more meticulous, what is notable about the criticism is its growing mediocrity. This paper discusses why the resistance to incorporating consciousness is science is occurring. It also discusses the history of how nonlocal consciousness was exiled from science in the first place. And why. In the pre-Christian world thinking about consciousness and its role in physical reality could not have been more mainstream. The idea of nonlocal consciousness and that all life is interconnected and interdependent, and that space-time itself arises from consciousness, not consciousness from space-time, is not a new idea. In the past based on a kind of empirical observational science nonlocal consciousness was so well accepted for millennia it was explicitly put to use in the service of the state for governmental planning. The Egyptians, the Greeks, the Etruscans, the Romans, the Maya, all these cultures and others have maintained institutions whose function was to create a cadre of what today we would call remote viewers, often boys and girls, whose task was to provide the kind of practical guidance one can get today from remote viewing. Oracles were honored. The origins of materialism are presented and discussed and properly placed in their relationship to the Roman Catholic Church. The history of how denialism developed is discussed, and the difference between skepticism and denialism is defined. The emergence process of a new paradigm incorporating non-physiologically based consciousness is described, and examined in Kuhnian terms. And, finally, the implications of this new paradigm are discussed.

For Latin learners, here is an Acceleration Reader, which segments the text into phrases to promote the sequential and aggregative understanding of "chunks" of meaning, along with a running translation of the segments (pari passu), so that the reader can stay focused on the text. No consultation with dictionaries or glossaries at the back of the book is needed. Book 3 of the Gallic Wars was chosen as a swift, action-packed, smaller section, feasible for coverage well within a semester. Paperback edition is new as of March 24, 2024.  The text has been thoroughly revised.

paperback: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CYXYCGPW/
digital version: https://www.amazon.com/Learn-Latin-Caesars-Gallic-Wars-ebook/dp/B07JYV831W/

Calsh malnalgement is one of the importalnt corporalte alctions to be calrried out on aln ongoing balsis, both for smalll compalnies alnd compalnies on al globall scalle. Compalny size is one of the determinalnts of the complexity of calsh malnalgement. Performalnce improvement is al process or method to improve one's work albility, work performalnce or work performalnce thalt caln be done in valrious walys or certalin straltegies used by the compalny. Improved business performalnce caln be influenced by the quallity of al compalny's calsh malnalgement. In multinaltionall compalnies, calsh malnalgement is very necessalry in improving the compalny's performalnce so thalt the compalny's profitalbility caln be alchieved. multinaltionall corporaltions or multinaltionall corporaltions alre compalnies thalt develop themselves in the internaltionall malrket, by trying to be present in valrious importalnt cities in allmost alll corners of the world. In generall, this compaln...