Social History

This article focuses on the process of creating group identity in two transport workers' guilds in mid fifteenth-century Riga, demonstrating the role of donations, discipline and commemoration in constituting both groups. The Beer Carters' and Porters' guilds experienced a 'new beginning' at this time: new resources had to be attracted, new traditions created and internal hierarchies established. Donations were an important element that helped these groups to establish their own spaces of pietyto create altars and chapelsand also to acquire resources for the celebration of communal meals. At both liturgical services and communal meals groups commemorated their deceased members, thus strengthening their identities. In the Hanseatic cities there was a bond between transport workers and merchants; in Riga as well, merchants became members of the two guilds, became involved in the processes of creating group identity, made endowments and helped the guilds gain status.

The rise, fall and expansion of most kingdoms in pre-colonial Africa were credited to the activities of warfare. To sustain war efforts, various societies and warlords in pre-colonial Africa evolved unique military complexes, strategies and tactics, which they deployed during war times. The blacksmith was the fulcrum of pre-colonial war armory and strategy. The knowledge of iron metallurgy was the exclusive domain of the blacksmith. The knowledge of metallurgy made the blacksmith indispensable in actual execution of wars, hence he fashioned the weapon, went with the army to the battlefield to ensure adequate supply of weapons and repair of worn-out weapons for the reinforcement of the armies in the battleground. All these functions combined, made the blacksmiths an invaluable party in the preparation and actual execution of wars in pre-colonial Africa.

This article interrogates the settler colonial history of Thunder Bay through place names and argues that gendered forms of anti-Indigenous violence are part of the city's social architecture. Between 1860 and 1910, settlers produced vast amounts of wealth and built a local industrial economy founded upon land-based resources such as silver, timber, and shale; at the same time, settlers forcefully relocated Anishnaabe peoples to multiple reserve sites, prevented them from participating in the emergent industrial economy, and used their sacred mountain as a quarry for brick-making and as a stop-butt for a settler rifle range. The article deploys the concept of settler colonial reterritorialization to critique the ways in which this history has been sanctioned and celebrated through local place names such as Mount McKay, Fort William, Port Arthur, and Simpson Street. Ultimately, I show that the material violence of enfolding the land and its resources into an exploitative and exclusive settler colonial economy emerged in tandem with the power to name the land in honour of white men who played primary roles in that very violent historical process.

This is a description (longer than an abstract), and the front matter, of my third book: the annotated translation of the Henryków Book, prefaced by a long introduction. This document was sent to me by the publisher in the process of printing, so these pages are not numbered.

To cite:
Wilkins, A. 2017. Rescaling the local: Multi-academy trusts, private monopoly and statecraft in England. Journal of Educational Administration and History, 49 (2), 171-185

For the past six years successive UK governments in England have introduced reforms intended to usher in less aggregated, top-down, bureaucratically overloaded models of service delivery as well as secure conditions for greater school autonomy.  Yet the ‘hollowing out’ of local government has not resulted in less bureaucracy on the ground or less regulation from above, nor has it diminished hierarchy as an organising principle of education governance.  In some cases, monopolies and monopolistic practices dominated by powerful bureaucracies and professional groups persist, albeit realised through the involvement of new actors and organisations from business and philanthropy.  In this paper I adopt a governmentality perspective to explore the political significance of large multi-academy trusts (MATs) – private sponsors contracted by central government to run publicly funded schools – to the generation of new scalar hierarchies and accountability infrastructures that assist in bringing the gaze of government to bear upon the actions of schools that are otherwise less visible under local government management.  On this account, it is argued, MATs are integral to statecraft and the invention and assemblage of particular apparatuses for intervening upon specific organisations, spaces and peoples.

Resumo: Este artigo analisa a mútua ingerência entre o matrimônio e o compadrio entre membros de uma elite rural do distrito de Piranga, localidade pertencente ao Termo de Mariana em Minas Gerais. Defende-se que estas duas práticas relacionais oferecem importantes chaves para compreensão das hierarquias sociais, da mobilidade sócio-espacial e enraizamento social. Como resultados, notou-se que através de casamentos com importantes famílias, indivíduos de outras regiões galgavam ascensão social e econômica através da inserção nos principais círculos relacionais da localidade em estudo. Por fim, perceberam-se importantes diferenças intergeracionais na prática do compadrio, a qual demonstra a importância em analisar esta prática conjuntamente ao ciclo vital.
Abstract: This work analyze the mutual interference between marriage and godparentage among members of a rural elite in the Piranga district, a place in the jurisdiction of the 'Termo de Mariana'. It is argued that these two relational practices offer important keys to understanding social hierarchies , social and spatial mobility and social embedded. As results, it was observed that through marriages with important families, individuals from other regions aspired social and economic ascension through insertion in the main relational circles of the locality under study. Finally, have been noted significant differences in intergenerational practice of godparentage, which demonstrates the importance in analyzing this practice jointly the life cycle.

L’affermazione dei regimi popolari alla metà del duecento rappresentò un’importante cesura nell’evoluzione politico-istituzionale dei comuni dell’Italia centro-settentrionale e nel processo di formazione e consolidamento dei gruppi dirigenti cittadini. Ciò nonostante, la storiografia comunalistica della seconda metà del novecento ha avuto la tendenza a sminuire l’originalità e la carica innovativa delle esperienze popolari sottolineando piuttosto la permanente centralità politica, economica ma soprattutto culturale dell’antica aristocrazia cittadina. Questo articolo prende in considerazione alcuni importanti comuni di Popolo – Firenze, Siena, Pisa, Bologna, Perugia – cercando di dimostrare come taluni elementi tradizionalmente portati a sostegno dell’interpretazione «continuista» delle vicende tardoduecentesche si prestino anche ad una lettura alternativa che metta piuttosto in luce la novità dell’esperimento politico e culturale portato avanti dai gruppi dirigenti popolari.

The Economy of Endowments: the case of Roman associations,” In Koenraad Verboven, Katelijn Vandorpe and Véronique Chankowski-Sable (eds.), ‘Pistoi dia tèn technèn’. Bankers, loans and archives in the Ancient World. Studies in honour of Raymond Bogaert, Studia Hellenistica 44. Leuven, Peeters, 2008: 231-256. For reviews of the book, see, e.g., Bryn Mawr Classical Review 2010.05.02.

As historians are becoming more aware of the diversity of the Australian prisoner of war experience during the Second World War, increasing numbers of Indigenous Australians' stories are being identified. Through the combined hard work of researchers, families, and communities, a more complete picture of Aboriginal prisoner-of-war experiences is emerging.

Das Buch verbindet zwei Schlüsselkonzepte aktueller politischer und feministischer Theorie - Intersektionalität und Gouvernementalität - mit der historischen Analyse der Problematisierung von Prostitution und ihren Regierungsweisen Anfang des 20. Jahrhunderts und analysiert, welche Machtlogiken bei der Interpretation der Prostitution als Problem individueller moralischer Führung einerseits und als gesamtgesellschaftliches, politisches Problem andererseits wirkten.
Die Autorin zeigt empirisch auf, dass verschiedene gesellschaftliche Gruppen jeweils spezifisch moralisch regiert wurden und plädiert für ein politisches und prozessorientiertes Verständnis von Intersektionalität, so dass differenzierte Mechanismen der Machtausübung erfassbar werden.

A Revista Piauiense de História Social e do Trabalho é um periódico científico de acesso livre e gratuito, de edição semestral, vinculado à plataforma Mundos do Trabalho Piauí, que tem como objetivo facilitar e difundir investigações teóricas, pesquisas e resenhas que contenham análises, críticas e reflexões sobre História Social e os Mundos do Trabalho, a nível urbano e rural (com ênfase no Estado do Piauí), nas mais diversas temporalidades e temáticas variadas, como: Formação do mercado de trabalho, trabalho escravo, diversificação do mundo do trabalho, movimento operário, imprensa operária, cultura operária, dentre outros temas.

This paper illuminates the role played by Sicilian cities in state building in the late Middle Ages through their involvement in the intense process of negotiations between the king and his subjects. This study heads in the opposite direction of the interpretations that negate the existence of municipal freedom and allege the existence of an exclusively top-down model of power relationships between king and kingdom. The focus is on one of the main royal officials in local government—the capitaneus or captain, who was intended to be the king’s instrument of control. The captain gradually came to represent the municipal will and his role was defined by decision-making interaction between the king and local governments. The dynamics surrounding the captaincy go well beyond the local sphere and will lead us to address the positive effects of the encounter of various political traditions in the Crown of Aragon. This in turn, made the establishment of new political balances possible, which had a crucial role in government building in Sicily

This chapter makes a contribution to the scholarship on household-formation, inheritance and class-formation in European rural societies through a detailed examination of household and landholding patterns in two parishes in County Fermanagh, Ireland, between 1821 and 1862.  The analysis draws principally on a sample of households from the surviving census schedules for 1821, supplemented by land valuation data from 1832 and 1862, and by data from published census sources.
I argue that the changes in marriage and household formation that occurred in 19th century Ireland might more fruitfully be understood as adaptations within a dynamic system of inheritance, than as consequences of a transformation from one system to another.  We may need to change our focus away from models that rest on stylized assumptions about “rules” in favour of those that emphasize flexibility in response to changing circumstances, and that recognize the extent to which relationships within wider community and kin circles formed part of the set of resources and constraints that framed people’s actions.

INTRODUZIONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Per una storia dei collegi professionali romani

LA BASE SOCIALE DI SOCIETÀ E COLLEGI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Economia e lavoro: il punto di vista aristocratico. Mercanti su vasta scala, armatori e publicani.
Artigiani, piccoli commercianti e funzionari di basso rango. Schiavi e mercennarii.

IL RAPPORTO TRA STATO ROMANO E ASSOCIAZIONI . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Le origini. L’età repubblicana. I collegi “politici” tardo-repubblicani. Autorizzazione e controllo statale durante l’impero. Il servizio pubblico dei collegi in età tardo-antica. Gli scioperi e le rivolte.

SACRO E PROFANO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Attività religiosa e attività commerciale. Collegi semi-ufficiali e para-religiosi. I collegi di
mutua assistenza e quelli rurali. I tre collegi principali: fabri, centonarii e dendrophori.

LA GESTIONE E LE ATTIVITÀ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
L’organizzazione e la gerarchia interna. I patroni. Le attività pubbliche, civili e religiose.
Obblighi e privilegi: munus e immunitas. La cassa comune, l’amministrazione e le rendite.
Le sedi e le attività private.

NOTE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103

ABBREVIAZIONI BIBLIOGRAFICHE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108

BIBLIOGRAFIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109

There are several buildings in The Bronx that were built in the early twentieth century and which now stand as vestiges of an era when the borough served as a center of charitable "homes" that provided refuge and aid to people with special needs.

The unpublished 16th-century testaments of the town of Sitia, from the State Archives of Venice, provide valuable information on various aspects regarding illegitimate children in Cretan families during the Venetian rule. Apart from the large number of illegitimate children in both urban and rural communities of the island, testaments also bear evidence of several aspects of their family life, mainly their role as heirs and holders of legacies. Practices of the transmission of family property adopted by the inhabitants of Sitia reveal that illegitimate children normally were not excluded from the family property. The degree to which they became heirs or received bequests is analyzed here, aiming at identifying possible differences between male and female testators, between the childless ones and those with children, between the legitimate and the illegitimate children of a family.

The Khasi society of Meghalaya follows matrilineality, a social system in which the family line is traced through women. The society now happens to be passing through a transitional phase whereby a section of radical Khasi men destines to displace the years-old tradition. Given such situation, this piece of work has attempted to understand the grounds and rationality of blooming of matrilineality among the Khasi community and its survival over time despite being surrounded by the patrilineal societies across India. Today's Khasi society happens to be acrimonious due to its 'customary code of conduct' which keeps the Khasi women outside all political affairs and make them to be engaged only in domestic affairs. This paper analyses the nature and structure of the Khasi matrilineal society, the true status of the females in terms of their involvement in social, economic and political affairs and takes up a general discussion on the various challenges to this system.

There are more types of borders today than ever before in history. Borders of all kinds define every aspect of social life in the twenty-first century. From the biometric data that divides the smallest aspects of our bodies to the aerial drones that patrol the immense expanse of our domestic and international airspace, we are defined by borders. They can no longer simply be understood as the geographical divisions between nation-states. Today, their form and function has become too complex, too hybrid. What we need now is a theory of the border that can make sense of this hybridity across multiple domains of social life.

Rather than viewing borders as the result or outcome of pre-established social entities like states, Thomas Nail reinterprets social history from the perspective of the continual and constitutive movement of the borders that organize and divide society in the first place. Societies and states are the products of bordering, Nail argues, not the other way around. Applying his original movement-oriented theoretical framework "kinopolitics" to several major historical border regimes (fences, walls, cells, and checkpoints), Theory of the Border pioneers a new methodology of "critical limology," that provides fresh tools for the analysis of contemporary border politics.

In this book, Sabine R. Huebner explores the world of the protagonists of the New Testament and the early Christians using the rich papyrological evidence from Roman Egypt. This gives us unparalleled insights into the everyday lives of the non-elite population in an area quite similar to neighboring Judaea-Palestine. What were the daily concerns and difficulties experienced by a carpenter's family or by a shepherd looking after his flocks? How did the average man or woman experience a Roman census? What obstacles did women living in a patriarchal society face in private, in public, and in the early Church? Given the flight of Jesus' family into Egypt, how mobile were the lower classes, what was their understanding of geography, and what costs and dangers were associated with travel? This volume gives a better understanding of the structural, social, and cultural conditions under which figures from the New Testament lived.

Shorter English Version: https://www.academia.edu/966274/The_Kingdom_of_Hungary_and_the_Habsburg_Monarchy_in_the_Sixteenth_Century._Translated_from_the_Hungarian_by_Thomas_J._and_Helen_D._DeKornfeld_Boulder_Colorado_Social_Science_Monographs_Wayne_New_Jersey_Center_for_Hungarian_Studies_and_Publications_Inc._New_York_Distributed_by_Columbia_University_Press_2009._East_European_Monographs_DCCXXXV._CHSP_Hungarian_Studies_Series_18._xviii_410_p

Eighteenth-century Britain saw the emergence of a new poetic genre, the “work” poem which took various forms of labor as its subject and was often written by laborers themselves. Several of these working class poets found their lives transformed due to the success of their verse (Stephen Duck most famously), but most faded into literary obscurity. However, a substantial body of “work” poems was produced by a diverse group of poets throughout the century, each manifesting divergent concerns and attitudes about the experience of work. This chapter assesses the formal connections uniting this poetic genre, particularly the frequent use of such literary devices as ironic distancing, litotes, and mock-georgic description. Instead of solely classifying “work” poems on the basis of their subject matter, this chapter demonstrates that such poetry (indeed the genre itself) lends itself to sophisticated literary techniques often associated with other poetic genres. In this fashion the full measure of eighteenth-century working class poetry can be evaluated more fairly, particularly by analyzing the formation of a new genre designed expressly by the poets themselves. The chapter ultimately seeks to demonstrate the connectedness, rather than the alienation, of working class poetry to the eighteenth-century British poetic tradition.

Abbreviations ix Introduction xiii 1.Women in Byzantium 1 2.In Search of Byzantine Women: Three Avenues of Approach 12 3.Women and the Faith in Icons in Early Christianity 38 4.Mothers and Daughters in the Medieval Greek World 80 5."Femina Byzantina": The Council in Trullo on Women 115 6.Public and Private Forms of Religious Commitment among Byzantine Women 133 7.The Imperial Feminine in Byzantium 161 8.Political Power and Christian Faith in Byzantium: The Case of Irene (Regent 780-90, Emperor 797-802) 194 9.Moving Bones: Evidence of Political Burials from Medieval Constantinople 208 10.The Many Empresses of the Byzantine Court (and All Their Attendants) 219 11.Theophano: Considerations on the Education of a Byzantine Princess 238 12.Toleration and Repression in the Byzantine Family: Gender Problems 261 13.The Icon Corner in Medieval Byzantium 281 14.Marriage: A Fundamental Element of Imperial Statecraft 302 Index 321