Stress

Partial discharge (PD) spectral response to variations in the supply voltage frequency was experimentally investigated through laboratory-based tests. The PD spectral content of each defect type responded uniquely to variations in the sinusoidal supply voltage frequency in the range 20 to 400 Hz. The findings are interpreted using the theory of space charge dynamics in PD mechanisms. Prospective diagnostic applications

Although several studies suggest that religious involvement is associated with healthier biological functioning in later life, most of this work is cross-sectional. We extend previous research by employing a longitudinal design. Our analysis of Health and Retirement Study (2006/2010) data suggests that older adults who attended religious services weekly or more in 2006 tend to exhibit fewer high-risk biomarkers in 2010 and greater reductions in allostatic load over the 4-year study period than respondents who attended yearly or not at all. These patterns persisted with adjustments for baseline allostatic load and a range of background variables.

This article proposes a new formal reconstruction of Proto-Indo-European (PIE) nouns containing the suffix *–oi–. I argue that both primary and non-primary derivatives in this class had stress alternating between the derivational suffix and the following inflectional ending (e.g., ACC.SG *[-óy-ṃ] vs. GEN *[-y-ós]) rather than the "amphikinetic" alternation between root and inflectional ending (ACC.SG *[´-oy-ṃ] vs. GEN *[-y-ós]) that is traditionally assumed for all primary nominals with suffixal *[o]-vocalism under the widely accepted “Erlangen Model” (Schindler 1975a,b, Rix 1992) of Indo-European morphophonology. Support for this alternative reconstruction comes from Hittite, which confirms that the suffixal stress seen in the Greek reflex of this noun class was inherited from PIE rather than root stress as in Vedic Sanskrit. More broadly, I contend that an adequate account of the prosodic behavior of PIE *–oi-stems requires (i) abandoning the traditional connection between suffixal *[o]-grade and "amphikinetic" word stress; and (ii) adopting a framework (such as the one articulated by Kiparsky 2010) in which the suffix's capacity to attract stress in both primary and non-primary derivation can be modeled in a unified way.

In a naturalistic study exploring the impact of outcome-based accountability on teaching and assessment practices in 3 school districts, teachers identify increased stress as a prime effect. The teachers’ experiences and their perspectives on stress are analyzed as being the result of transactions between themselves and the workplace environment. This chapter identifies and outlines some of the changes made to the workplace and to the nature of teachers’ work brought about as a result of a high stakes accountability environment.

This milestone text provides a comprehensive and state-of-the art overview of perfectionism theory, research, and treatment from the past 25 years, with contributions from the leading researchers in the field. The book examines new theories and perspectives including the social disconnection model of perfectionism and the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism. It also reviews empirical findings, with a special focus on stress, vulnerability, and resilience, and examines perfectionism in specific populations. Finally, it considers how perfectionism relates to physical health and psychophysiological processes and introduces new approaches to effective prevention and treatment. By increasing our understanding of perfectionism as a complex personality disposition and providing a framework for future explorations, this landmark publication aims to promote further research in this field. It will be invaluable reading for academics, students, and professionals in personality psychology, clinical and counselling psychology, applied psychology and related disciplines.

Sažetak Proces starenja sa sobom nosi niz promjena, a sve veća pozornost pridodaje se aspektima koji utječu na unutarnju ravnotežu pojedinca. Okolinski čimbenici, kvaliteta života, socijalna podrška i stupanj zadovoljstva životom imaju značajan utjecaj na razinu doživljenog stresa. Istraživanja su pokazala da stariji ljudi ne reagiraju bitno drugačije na stresne situacije od mlađih ljudi. Otežana prilagodba na nove osobito teže uvjete života može dovesti do gubitka osjećaja kontorole, a sekundarno i samopoštovanja. Najznačajniji ovakav događaj je umirovljenje koje za većinu predstavlja stresan period ponajviše zbog promjena u financijskom statusu. Starije osobe često osjećaju tjeskobu zbog nesigurne budućnosti, napetost, nervozu, zbunjenost, preosjetljivost, nepovjerenje u druge osobe i slično. Ovdje je uočena velika uloga socijalne podrške koja pruža oslonac tijekom stresnog perioda no ima i ključnu ulogu u sprječavanju nastajanja istog. Problemi prilagodbe na nove životne situacije su izraženiji zbog narušenih tjelesnih i psihičkih sposobnosti. Istraživanja pokazuju da 11% muškaraca i 25% žena u dobi od 60 do 75 godina uzima neki od benzodijazepina. Utvrđeni su brojni izravni mehanizmi djelovanja stresa na pojedine organske funkcije i sustave, kao i indirektni utjecaji stresa na zdravlje putem djelovanja stresa na povećanje rizičnog ponašanja. Metode i ispitanici Interno izrađenim upitnikom ispitano je 94 starijih osoba, od toga 39 muškaraca i 55 žena. Prosječa dob bila je 67.3 godine. Upitnik je bio u potpunosti anoniman i sastojao se od deset specifičnih pitanja zatvorenog tipa te je ukupan rezultat izražen u postotcima. Cilj istraživanja Cilj ovog istraživačkog rada bio je procjeniti učestalost pojave stresa kod starijih osoba te procjeniti koje su to za njih najstresnije situacije. Rezultati Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da ispitanici osjećaju znatnu razinu stresa koja se odražava na njihovo psihičko i fizičko stanje. 53% ispitanika muške populacije redovito se nalazi u nekoj stresnoj situaciji dok je udio svakodnevnog stesa kod ispitanica čak 75%. Kao najveća stresna situacija za ispitanike oba spola predstavlja gubitak voljene osobe (67%), a druga najčešća stresna situacija je bolest ili bespomoćnost. Podršku obitelji u bilo kojem trenutku ima njih samo 38%.

We dedicate the English version of our book to the memory of Bruce S. McEwen, Ph.D. Alfred E. Mirsky Professor Head, Harold and Margaret
Milliken Hatch, Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology The Rockefeller University. McEwen was a great scientist, with 700 published papers which received 130,000 citations. He was the world leader in research in the field of PsychoneuroendocrineImmunology and, at the same time, was a deep and courageous intellectual engaged in researching both the molecular aspects and the social conditions that determine health
and disease.
Our Manual is indebt to the scientific work of this giant of the 20th century, to whom goes our passionate admiration and gratitude.
Finally, please note that the English edition has been updated and, where needed, expanded.
Francesco and Anna Giulia Bottaccioli
Rome, .01.19. 2020

Este libro ofrecer una herramienta práctica para que los
orientadores y tutores de educación media superior y superior puedan gestionar adecuadamente el estrés académico de sus alumnos. Se hace especial hincapié en la gestión del tiempo, la reestructuración cognitiva y la resolución de problemas

People abused by angry discipline as children, may tend to abuse or overly punish other people or themselves for perceived wrongs in their adult life. In some individuals, aggressive personality traits may be genetically inherited. The aggressive personality may feel weakened by having guidelines or boundaries for anger. Anger is a normal human emotion, and these guidelines can help express anger in a healthy way.

The main focus of this paper is on disturbing work life balance in India and measures taken to improve this imbalance. Nowadays everyone is running after money, which can be earned thorough working. Money making has become an important aspect of life but at what cost? Employees and employers forgets that spending long working hours can also affect their personal lives too. They should learn how to balance both work and lifestyles to lead a successful and healthy life. Some companies like TCS, Google and Colgate are taking initiative for achieving this balance like child care facilities, flexible shifts, crèche facilities etc.

El presente artículo plantea un modelo en el que se describe el proceso a través del cual el estrés psicosocia] puede inducir el desarrollo de la úlcera péptica duodenal (UPD) y los sistemas psicológicos, biológicos y sociales que se ponen alli en juego. Primero se analiza el papel de los sucesos vitales estresantes y del estrés percibido. Posteriormente se revisa cómo las estrategias de afrontamiento y la atribución causal del propio sujeto contribuyen a la UPD. Mas tarde se analiza cómo el estrés podría permitir que la bacteria H. Pylori se convierta en un agente patógeno, produciendo una actividad del ácido péptico y disminuyendo las defensas de la mucosa. Finalmente el artículo termina planteando relaciones entre UPD y nivel socio-económico.

Reports of stress and negative emotion may be important predictors of health outcomes. However, whether discrete emotions or stress measures are more useful, whether they contribute independently to outcome, and whether these variables relate to health equally across ethnic groups remain unclear. In the current study, 207 US-born European American, US-born African American, Black English-speaking Caribbean, and Dominican men aged 40 years and older completed measures of somatic symptomology, trait emotion, and stress. Sadness and stress independently predicted reports of somatic symptomology, even when examined concurrently, and with demographics controlled; trait anger did not predict somatic symptomology. Finally, and as expected, the relation between trait emotions and somatic symptomology varied across the groups. While levels of sadness were positively associated with somatic symptomology among US-born European American and Dominican men, they were negatively associated with symptoms among Black English-speaking Caribbean men, and the relation for anger also differed marginally across groups. Results are discussed in terms of their implications for differentiating among discrete emotions and stress as well as their interactions with ethnicity when examining reports of somatic symptomology. We suggest that the impact of psychological characteristics on health must be considered within cultural and ethnic contexts before they are fully understood.

Biomechanical studies suggest that one determinant of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) rupture is related to the stress in the wall. In this regard, a reliable and accurate stress analysis of an in vivo AAA requires a suitable 3D constitutive model. To date, stress analysis conducted on AAA is mainly driven by isotropic tissue models. However, recent biaxial tensile tests performed on AAA tissue samples demonstrate the anisotropic nature of this tissue. The purpose of this work is to study the influence of geometry and material anisotropy on the magnitude and distribution of the peak wall stress in AAAs. Three-dimensional computer models of symmetric and asymmetric AAAs were generated in which the maximum diameter and length of the aneurysm were individually controlled. A five parameter exponential type structural strain-energy function was used to model the anisotropic behavior of the AAA tissue. The anisotropy is determined by the orientation of the collagen fibers (one parameter o...

Complementary treatments are often used by HIV-infected individuals. Yet little is known about their effectiveness. The aim of this systematic review was therefore to summarize the published evidence for or against the effectiveness of complementary therapies in HIV-positive people. A comprehensive literature search was conducted to locate all randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of complementary therapies. Data were extracted in a standardized fashion and evaluated critically. Fourteen studies met our pre-de® ned inclusion/exclusion criteria; 2 of herbal treatments, 5 of vitamins and other supplements, 5 of stress management, one of massage therapy, and one of acupuncture. They fall into 2 broad categories of ‘cure’ and ‘care’. While the former category yields few encouraging results, the latter group of studies is more promising. In particular, stress management may prove to be an effective way to increase the quality of life. It is concluded that few rigorous trials of complementary...

In situations where the accumulation of internal heat limits physical performance, enhanced heat extraction from the body should improve performance capacity. The combined application of local subatmospheric pressure (35–45 mmHg) to an entire hand (to increase blood volume) and a heat sink (18–22°C) to the palmar surface were used to draw heat out of the circulating blood. Subjects walked uphill (5.63 km/h) on a treadmill in a 40°C environment. Slopes of the treadmill were held constant during paired experimental trials (with and without the device). Heat extraction attenuated the rate of esophageal temperature rise during exercise (2.1 ± 0.4° and 2.9 ± 0.5°C/h, mean ± SE, with and without the device, respectively; n = 8) and increased exercise duration (46.1 ± 3.4 and 32.3 ± 1.7 min with and without the device, respectively; n = 18). Hand cooling alone had little effect on exercise duration (34.1 ± 3.0, 38.0 ± 3.5, and 57.0 ± 6.4 min, for control, cooling only, and cooling, and sub...

Як цитувати:
1) ДСТУ (ГОСТ):
Лазоренко Б. П. Навчально-методичний супровід опанування курсантами-психологами стресових станів: засоби само- та взаємодопомоги / Б. П. Лазоренко // Наукові студії із соціальної та політичної психології : зб. статей / НАПН України, Ін-т соціальної та політичної психології ; [ред. рада: М. М. Слюсаревський (голова), В. Г. Кремень, С. Д. Максименко, Т. М. Титаренко]. – К. : Талком, 2020. – Вип. 46 (49). – 268 с. – С. 159–167. – Режим доступу: https://sssppj.org/index.php/ssj/article/view/165/184
2) APA style:
Лазоренко, Б. (2020). Навчально-методичний супровід опанування курсантами-психологами стресових станів: засоби само- та взаємодопомоги. Наукові студії із соціальної та політичної психології, 46(49). https://doi.org/10.33120/ssj.vi46(49).165
Визначено основні чинники результативності навчально-методичного супроводу опанування стресових і посттравматичних стресових станів засобами само- і взаємодопомоги курсантами – військовими психологами першого курсу навчання і магістрантами. За авторською анкетою проведено порівняльний аналіз самооцінювання їхніх умінь та первинних навичок, а також здатності надавати психологічну допомогу в цьому особовому складі. Використано також методи включеного спостереження, індивідуального консультування, співбесіди з учасниками для отримання від них зворотного зв’язку. Як основні серед чинників результативності навчально-методичного супроводу визначено активність, мотивацію, спрямованість та командну згуртованість курсантів. З’ясовано, що останній чинник у першокурсників проявився більшою мірою, ніж у магістрантів: першокурсники були більш зацікавленими в самопідготовці і дещо активнішими під час аудиторних занять. Хоч і магістранти, і першокурсники засвідчили, що отримали основні базові знання й уміння та зможуть самостійно їх застосовувати у своїй професійній діяльності, однак рівень засвоєння технологій у першокурсників загалом вищий, ніж у магістрантів. Встановлено, що курсанти оволоділи груповими техніками зняття стресових і посттравматичних стресових станів і зможуть скористатися ними під час проведення занять з особовим складом. Завдяки проведеному самооцінюванню з’ясовано, що вони засвоїли основні тілесно зорієнтовані та дихальні психотехнології зняття стресових і посттравматичних стресових станів у різних зонах тіла. При цьому показники першокурсників за всіма позиціями дещо вищі, ніж у магістрантів. Разом з тим кожен четвертий із числа курсантів-магістрантів засвідчив, що не отримав необхідних знань та умінь і не зможе самостійно застосовувати запропоновані технології у своїй професійній діяльності. Ще майже кожен третій магістрант зазначив, що запропоновані технології видалися йому малоефективними. Аналіз анкетних відповідей цих учасників показав, що вони набули певних знань та умінь, проте потребують більше пояснень, додаткових знань та вмінь і тренінгових вправ для посилення впевненості у собі та власних фахових компетенціях. На відміну від магістрантів, у всіх першокурсників оцінки засвоєння та ефективності цих технологій були позитивними. Встановлено, що понад половину учасників занять мають потребу в отриманні додаткових знань та умінь щодо застосування запропонованих технологій. Також з’ясовано, що участь у спецкурсі стала стимулом для вдосконалення фахової психологічної підготовки його учасників. З’ясовано, що у першокурсників ця потреба є більш вираженою, ніж у магістрів. Фактична здатність ефективно застосовувати набуті учасниками знання та вміння може бути визначена лише під час їхньої практичної діяльності, тому результативність навчально-методичного супроводу потребує дослідження під час стажування у військах та під час практичної роботи з особовим складом за місцем проходження служби.
Ключові слова: навчально-методичний супровід, курсанти – військові психологи, посттравматичні стресові стани, тілесні психотехнології, дихальні психотехнології.

This study of stress experienced during the transition from one’s own home into an independent/assisted senior housing community among older women was conducted using a mixed-methods approach that included (a) qualitative data collection via time-use diaries and open-ended interview questions, (b) quantitative data collected through structured interview questions and empirically validated scales that measured stress perceptions and coping behaviors, and (c) biological measures of stress reactivity through salivary cortisol. Designed to capture the adaptation period, the study was conducted longitudinally with repeated measures consisting of three interviews, six time diaries, and six sets of saliva collection beginning within 1 month of the move through the first 6 months in residence. The data allowed for triangulation of stressful events, perceptions of stress, and physiological reactivity, and yielded interesting preliminary results. Challenges included veracity of self-report responses, correct timing of saliva collection per protocol specifications, and maintenance of researcher–participant boundaries.