Urban History

In the final decades of Ottoman rule, several waves of refugees from the Russian Empire's North Caucasus region immigrated to Transjordan, where they founded Amman and other agricultural villages. This article examines the economy of Amman in its formative years as a Circassian refugee settlement. By exploring connections between North Caucasian refugees, Syrian and Palestinian merchants, and Transjordanian urban and nomadic communities, this study posits refugees as drivers of economic expansion in the late Ottoman period. I argue that the settlement of North Caucasian refugees and their active participation in the real estate market in and around Amman contributed to the entrenchment of the post-1858 property regime in Ottoman Transjordan. Through a study of an upper-class Circassian household and its legal battles, this article also illustrates the rise of refugee elites who benefited from the commodification of land and the construction of state-sponsored infrastructure in the late Ottoman Levant.

Winner, 2018 Best Article Prize, Syrian Studies Association

Winner, 2018 Khayrallah Prize in Middle Eastern Migration Studies, Moise A. Khayrallah Center for Lebanese Diaspora Studies

This book focuses on the ethnically composite, heterogeneous, mixed
nature of the Mediterranean cities and their cultural heritage between
the late Middle Ages and early modern times. How did it affect the
cohabitation among different people and cultures on the urban scene?
How did it mold the shape and image of cities that were crossroads
of encounters, but also the arena of conflict and exclusion? The 13
case studies collected in this volume address these issues by exploring
the traces left by centuries of interethnic porosity on the tangible and
intangible heritage of cities such as Acre and Cyprus, Genoa and Venice,
Rome and Istanbul, Cordoba and Tarragona

Article écrit en collaboration avec Carole Ledent (UNamur / PolleN).

Paru dans "Catastrophe(s) ! Namur face aux calamités dans l’histoire", numéro spécial des "Cahiers de Sambre et Meuse", 2017. Commande : http://www.sambreetmeuse.be/

En lien avec l'exposition "Catastrophe(s) ! Namur face aux calamités dans l’histoire" : https://www.unamur.be/lettres/histoire/nouvelles/catastrophes

A policy agenda for the grounded city that goes beyond the competitiveness frame and the agglomeration craze of the new urban economists and instead argues for a stronger emphasis on the foundational economy that provides the infrastructure (broadly understood) of any city, small and large, succcessfull or failing.

La presente comunicación surge de considerar que el patrimonio
industrial no puede entenderse sin tener en cuenta el modo de habitar obrero, en este caso el de los trabajadores de las fábricas de la zona norte de la ciudad de Sevilla.

Se estructura en cuatro partes. En la primera expondremos el contexto demográfico, sanitario, laboral y económico de la clase obrera a principios del siglo XX en el norte de la ciudad.

Seguidamente explicaremos cómo se concibe la idea de crear la barriada, de la mano de personas como Amante Laffón y Fernández o la familia Gómez Millán; comentaremos cómo se articula el barrio basándonos en los proyectos y las fases constructivas y expondremos las claves por las que esta barriada supuso un modelo en la concepción de la vivienda obrera para la época.

A continuación hablaremos del estado de conservación de los valores patrimoniales de la barriada, de los motivos que todavía hoy han conseguido que se mantenga cierta unidad al margen de la protección legal o de la atención de la administración. Expondremos cuáles son las amenazas a ese patrimonio y qué acciones desarrollan los movimientos en su defensa.

Concluiremos con algunas propuestas para su protección y difusión, en los que se pone en valor, por un lado la todavía existente trama urbana original del barrio, y por otro su identidad, gracias a la permanencia de la población obrera para la que se construyó.

The article deals with some issues pertaining to the creation of a new, Polish face of Lviv in the 19th century, in the period of Polish autonomy and self-governance after 1870. By means of analysing the sources (documents of the urban institutions, city guides and memoirs) the author tries to answer the whole question of a growing Polish consciousness in the city in a period of rising nationalist movements and its influence on inter-ethnic tensions. The space of Lviv was perceived through the national narratives as presented in the school materials, guides and popular brochures addressing the city, and the attention of the readers was focused on these sites and historical events, which were
crucial from the Polish patriotic perspective. This new perspective became popular thanks to the relatively good school system in the city, which helped to completely change the old urban perception characteristic of the nobility. ThePolishness of Lviv fit this kind of paradigm, which was helpful in the task of bringing national consciousness to the masses, but in the meantime had real confrontational potential.

Entre 1860 y 1931, Madrid pasó de ser la “villa y corte” encerrada en los estrechos límites de sus cercas y puertas a convertirse en una moderna metrópoli europea que crecía vertiginosamente en tamaño y población, merced a un ambicioso proyecto de ampliación urbana cuya realización fue, sin embargo, bastante más caótica de lo que se preveía sobre el papel. Al actual distrito de Arganzuela —el Ensanche Sur— le tocó ser el principal laboratorio de la transformación industrial de la ciudad. De zona receptora de jornaleros inmigrantes, donde la pobreza se codeaba con la más absoluta miseria —de ahí la denominación de barrios negros—, pasó, en los albores de la República, a ser una auténtica tierra de oportunidades, habitada por clases medias y obreros cualificados y con un rico tejido empresarial. Las historias de vida de los habitantes del Ensanche Sur, que el autor reconstruye a través de los padrones municipales, constituyen la mejor prueba y el retrato más vívido de las profundas transformaciones que España y su capital experimentaron a lo largo de esos setenta años.

El presente Trabajo de Fin de Máster tiene por objeto el análisis de las condiciones socioeconómicas y demográficas del casco antiguo madrileño en los primeros años del siglo XX. Se ha perseguido, mediante su explotación sistemática, examinar las posibilidades que encierra el Padrón Municipal de Habitantes como fuente documental para el estudio histórico de Madrid. Asimismo, se han aplicado las técnicas metodológicas desarrolladas por la historia urbana, las cuales se han mostrado altamente operativas para la investigación de otros espacios y períodos.

This book researchs the various concepts related to the act of walking, as nomadism, the wandering, the migrating and sedentary lifestyles, which are often seen in a wrong way, and its relationship with the city. The way these concepts are related to the construction of the identity of the city space and urban architecture come to answer questions about the changes that have occurred over time, until the advent of electronic movement and Cyberspace. The restoration of the primordial chaos in this new dimension is thinking how this new influence reality in man reading space and as the walk will continue in the future.

Este trabalho pesquisa os diversos conceitos relacionados ao ato de caminhar, como o nomadismo, o vagar, o migrar e o sedentarismo, que muitas vezes são vistos de maneira equivocada, e sua relação com a cidade. O modo que esses conceitos se relacionaram com a construção da identidade do espaço da cidade e com a arquitetura urbana vêm a responder questões relacionadas ás transformações que ocorreram através dos tempos, até o advento do movimento eletrônico e do Ciberespaço. O restabelecimento do caos primordial nessa nova dimensão faz pensar como essa nova realidade influ-encia na leitura espacial homem e como a caminhada continuará no futuro.

Death, Dirt and Disgust
Poems and misogyny in 18th century Stockholm

In private notebooks from the 18th century, quantities
of rhymes, anecdotes and songs are found that
were recited at establishments and joints in Stockholm.
A small number of these texts differ from
other texts by an exceptional blend of the sublime
and the grotesque. These are poems that in various
ways are concerning “whores”. Women are
often named and well known profiles in the city.
The texts expires a view of “the whore” that is at
odds with the slight romantic glow that looms
over the more common representation the 18th
century tavern life, where men and women intoxicates
and interfere with the mutual desire. Recurring
themes are excrements, intercourse and aging
bodies. Death is often present. By analysing recurring
themes, who sang, who listened and who the
women of the songs were, I try to understand the
link between death and carnal desires, human
waste, scorn, whores and the laughter that the
poems intended to provoke.
Keywords: 18th century Stockholm, prostitution,
oral tradition, obscenity, death

Distance is both conceptual and actual. It is overcome or exploited in all manner of ways that have consequences for the history of architecture. It is fostered in the critical attitude. And collapsed when history is invoked in the present. It shapes the relationship of Europe to its Antipodes, as well as of Europe to its neighbours. Its presence is necessary for claims upon disciplinarity; its absence, the dissolution of disciplinary boundaries. In what ways has distance figured in the history of architecture? What has it altered? What has it prevented? What has it allowed? What does it permit, even now?

This theme opens the door to questions of representation and communication in the history of architecture; questions of travel and migration; and of the mobility of expertise, institutions and ideas. As a lens, distance allows us to reflect on the construction of identity in and through architectural works both defined as such (Architects and Architecture) and “grey”. It invites us to consider moments of counterpoint, imaging or critique. It provokes us to clarify, recalibrate, expose, suppress, or legitimise. Works, projects, architects and other agents in the conceptualisation and construction of architecture, cities and landscapes are, from a remove, perceived on terms different from the immediate and the close. Artefacts and ideas subjected to distance acquire something of this perspective, whether they are physically moved or subject to representation at a remove. Distance can be inconvenient; and useful.

The conference welcomed original papers that explored the import of distance for architectural history from any direction. Proposals treated a diverse range of temporalities and geographies. They addressed the consequences of literal distance for architectural culture in its history: communication, travel, mobility, isolation, exile, or technical and intellectual networks. They also considered the figurative role of distance in forms of criticality, historicity and thought. Some papers reflected on the mechanisms and nature of architectural history through such concepts as immediacy, instrumentality or relevance; or of neutralization or obsolescence. An idea of distance was used by some contributions to think through distinctions (in disciplines, practices or institutions) between architectural history and criticism, architectural history and archaeology, architectural history and area studies, architectural history, urban history, histories of science and technology, the history of art, etc. These distinctions were also invoked in order to reflect on architecture and its neighbouring professions and practices. Similar attention was paid to the devices used by architectural historiography to manage distance: historiographical and critical nomenclature; theoretical terms and tropes; and other means of negotiating proximity. Consideration was even given to the very historiographical valence of distance – as, for instance, productive criticality or problematic estrangement. 

One strand of the conference theme responds to the special issue of Architectural Histories (2018) asking “What is Europe?”. The theme invokes, too, the ideas at the centre of the lecture series convened by New Zealand historian Keith Sinclair in 1960: Distance Looks Our Way; and in Australian historian Geoffrey Blainey’s Tyranny of Distance (1966). What are the effects of remoteness on an antipodean response to architecture’s historical metropole? Or of the significance of the globe beyond its “centres”? What occurs when isolation is made operative?

The idea of distance, in this sense, invites self-reflection as much as advancement of new knowledge. It was therefore particularly pleasing to receive papers that reflected on distance in order to reflect on the concept of Europe and the European and its consequences for architecture beyond a strictly defined European geography. Welcomed, also, were papers that considered the architectural history and culture of Asia, Australasia and the Pacific in their global contexts.

Following an immensely rewarding set of conference sessions, and the lively conversations that revolved around them, a selection of the presented papers are reproduced here as proceedings.

Resumen: Desde mediados de la década del treinta, acompañando el escenario dinámico de la expansión metropolitana de Buenos Aires se reconoce un notable incremento en la producción de mapas viales, que presentan un panorama muy diverso, en cuanto a los modos de producción y los usuarios a los que pretendían llegar. Sintéticamente, el estudio que aquí planteamos propone el análisis de un caso: la guía Filcar de planos suburbanos de 1955. Se busca dar cuenta de sus características particulares, formas de producción, de circulación y usuarios a quienes estaba dirigida. Los primeros resultados dan cuenta de que su novedad residía en cubrir un amplio sector del GBA a partir de láminas individuales que presentaban información vial en una escala de entre 1:20.000 y 1:40.000 incluyendo topónimos de calles, con índice lateral y publicidades. Por otro lado, a partir de una metodología de restitución, fue posible dar cuenta de que la guía no recompone la totalidad del área metropolitana, sino que algunos sectores poblados quedan vacantes del relevamiento. Palabras clave: Gran Buenos Aires, Suburbanización, Cartografía comercial, Siglo XX. Abstract: From mid-1930s, alongside the dynamic scenario of Buenos Aires' metropolitan expansion, there is a notorious increase in street map publication, with great diversity in production modes and target users. Briefly, this article aims to study the case of Filcar Guide's 1955 suburban map collection. Its peculiar features, production and circulation modes and target users will be discussed. Preliminary results show that its novelty resided in its coverage of a wide Greater Buenos Aires area, in individual sheets presenting road information on a 1:20.000 to 1:40.000 scale, including street toponyms, next to a side index and advertisements. On the other hand, with the aid of restitution methodology, it was possible to show that the Guide does not map out the entirety of the metropolitan area: instead, some populated areas are unsurveyed.

Northern Europe is marked by some of the slowest and most recent urbanizations in Europe. In Norway, one of the most recent nations to experience urbanization processes, the majority of people lived in non-urbanized areas as recently as 1945. Denmark and Sweden had been prosperous empires for centuries, while Finland, Norway and Iceland, by contrast, were to start the process of state formation from the 19 th century onwards. This article aims to demonstrate that the topic of festival culture, festival houses and the creation of the nation state became influenced by new growing cities in Scandinavia. In addition, it focuses on the role of cultural activities in urbanization and the creation of new modern nation states. This article will try to sweep over the Scandinavian countries, but it is impossible to give a comprehensive overview over the topic. However, by focusing on some of the aspects in some specific cases, it tends to give an understanding of the subject and how the development of festivals and festival houses was, as well as the development of cultural practices in urban areas in connection with cultural activities. Even though the urban culture and the nation states of Scandinavia developed individually , there are significant similarities which are emphasized in this article. There was a pronounced growing awareness of cultural activities during the 19 th and especially the 20 th century in most Nordic countries. This awareness was significantly urban, and it was closely related to the development of the modern postwar welfare state. This examination and discussion of the topic of festival houses in Scandinavia is an attempt to contextualize the development of both culture-especially music and concert halls-in Scandinavia, as well as trying to see them as a means of providing festivals a safe haven-a festival house.

Tulisan ini berusaha mengupas tentang perubahan daya dukung sumber daya air Kota
Surakarta yang dipengaruhi oleh perubahan bentuk dan struktur Kota Surakarta setelah
mengalami berbagai peristiwa sejarah dari masa ke masa. Metode penelitian dilakukan
dengan pendekatan studi pustaka yang berasal dari penelitan, riset akademisi tentang Kota
Surakarta, dan beberapa sumber sejarah(babad Sala, peta lama, catatan sejarah
perkotaan). Temuan utama dari studi pengaruh perkembangan kota terhadap daya dukung
sumber daya air Kota Surakarta tahun 1500-2017 adalah adanya fenomena urban sprawl
pada perkembangan Kota Surakarta yang berpengaruh terhadap penurunan daya dukung
sumber daya air Kota Surakarta. Parameter daya dukung sumber daya air dari keterbatasan
data yang ada adalah jaringan drainase. Perkembangan Kota Surakarta yang mengarah
pada urban sprawl sebenarnya sudah terjadi sejak awal tahun 1755-1945 yang dipicu oleh
adanya Keraton Kasunanan dan masuknya pegaruh kolonialisme Hindia-Belanda. Urban
sprawl semakin terlihat ketika masa pembangunan pasca kemerdekaan yang dimana
pembangunan Kota Surakarta mengacu kepada pemerintah pusat. Adanya fenomena
tersebut nampaknya tidak disadari oleh pemerintah dan masyarakat Kota Surakarta,
sehingga pada kurun waktu tahun 2000-2017 bencana banjir semakin sering terjadi.
Peningkatan interval banjir Kota Surakarta dewasa ini merupakan salah satu akibat dan
penanda turunnya daya dukung sumber daya air Kota Surakarta. Pada dasarnya banjir
merupakan salah satu masalah Kota Surakarta dalam hal daya dukung lingkungan,
khususnya daya dukung sumber daya air. Pada akhirnya akumulasi permasalahan kota
tersebut menjadikan Kota Surakarta pada masa mendatang akan semmakinn memasuki
masa ke arah decline, sehingga perlu dicarikan grand-design perkotaan yang sustainable.

The Routledge Handbook of Maritime Trade around Europe 1300-1600 explores the links between maritime trading networks around Europe, from the Mediterranean and the Atlantic to the North and Baltic Seas. Maritime trade routes connected diverse geographical and cultural spheres, contributing to a more integrated Europe in both cultural and material terms. This volume explores networks’ economic functions alongside their intercultural exchanges, contacts and practical arrangements in ports on the European coasts.



The collection takes as its central question how shippers and merchants were able to connect regional and interregional trade circuits around and beyond Europe in the late medieval period. It is divided into four parts, with chapters in Part I looking across broad themes such as ships and sailing routes, maritime law, financial linkages and linguistic exchanges. In the following parts - divided into the Mediterranean, the Baltic Sea, and the Atlantic and North Seas - contributors present case studies addressing themes including conflict resolution, relations between different types of main ports and their hinterland, the local institutional arrangements supporting maritime trade, and the advantages and challenges of locations around the continent. The volume concludes with a summary that points to the extraterritorial character of trading systems during this fascinating period of expansion.



Drawing together an international team of contributors, The Routledge Handbook of Maritime Trade around Europe is a vital contribution to the study of maritime history and the history of trade. It is essential reading for students and scholars in these fields

"Cards-menus of a Parisian restaurant "Chez Mercier" from 1933 to 1971". This study is based on a unique collection of menus-cards from a Parisian restaurant covering five decades, from the mid-1930s to the beginning of the 1970s, in a time when Paris is the gastronomic reference. It shows both the culinary continuity of an establishment that is appreciated for its bourgeois cuisine, the slow evolution of the taste, and the mediation of restaurant menus. It is indeed from the map of the tariffed dishes that the customer chooses the mets that he will consume. Where from the attention which the restorer will carry in his writing and in his presentation. The game of the scriptures, the used colors, the themes of the illustrations, but also the designations and the dishes offered, are a language understood by all, showing also the culinary style of the restaurant, while creating a complicity with the regulars the institution. /

Cette étude s’appuie sur un exceptionnel fonds de menus-cartes d’un restaurant parisien couvrant cinq décennies, du milieu des années 1930 au début des années 1970, à une époque où Paris est la référence gastronomique. Elle montre à la fois la continuité culinaire d’un établissement que l’on appréciait pour sa cuisine bourgeoise, la lente évolution du goût, et la médiation des menus de restaurant. C’est en effet à partir de la carte des plats tarifés que le client choisit les mets qu’il consommera. D’où l’attention que le restaurateur portera à sa rédaction et à sa présentation. Le jeu des écritures, des couleurs employées, les thèmes des illustrations, mais aussi les appellations et les plats proposés, sont un langage compris de tous, qui montre en même temps le style culinaire du restaurant, tout en créant une complicité avec les habitués de l’établissement.

Il presente studio si prefigge di esplorare la modalità di inserimento dei nuovi ordini mendicanti nella città di Valencia, di analizzare l’intorno urbano di queste fondazioni e descrivere i meccanismi di intervento dei frati nell’urbanistica valenciana dei secoli XIII, XIV e XV . Negli anni ’90 del secolo passato due lavori si addentrarono nel problema da prospettive affini e ora tenteremo di approfondire quei risultati con apporti complementari .

L’interesse di Valencia come osservatorio della installazione, espansione e proiezione degli ordini mendicanti nello spazio urbano necessita appena di una giustificazione. Conquistata ai musulmani nel 1238, la città fu oggetto di una distribuzione sistematica dello spazio urbano murato e del territorio circostante già prima della sua conquista effettiva, in un momento nel quale i nuovi ordini mendicanti avanzavano in tutta Europa al riparo della canonizzazione dei santi fondatori (San Francisco di Assisi nel 1228 e San Domenico di Guzmán sei anni dopo). La conquista e la spartizione ebbero inoltre come attori principali un monarca come Jaime I di Aragón (1208-1276), propenso alle forme di apostolato che rappresentavano i domenicani, francescani e mercedari, istituzioni religiose che egli  favorì espressamente durante il suo regno. Così, non è strano che nel processo di cristianizzazione del paesaggio urbano intrapreso a partire dalla conquista, i conventi mendicanti assunsero un grande protagonismo del quale erano pienamente coscienti due figure intellettuali che riflettevano tra i secoli XIV e XV a Valencia a proposito dell’idea di una città cristiana, del suo regime di costumi e, fino a un certo punto, della sua costruzione materiale come furono Francesc Eiximenis e San Vincenzo Ferrer.

Von Thünen's model of land-use is very popular in the teaching of agricultural geography in schools and universities despite its demonstrable shortcomings. Concentric rings of land-use were not evident even around early nineteenth century London and there are other reasons why the model is not an appropriate context for the explanation of the location of horticulture and milk production at this time. A re-evaluation of over-simplistic methods of teaching von Thünen's ideas is necessary.

The Aalborg Project may be interpreted as a metaphor of modern politics, modern administration and planning, and of modernity itself. The basic idea of the project was comprehensive, coherent, and innovative, and it was based on rational and democratic argument. During implementation, however, when idea met reality, the play of Machiavellian princes, Nietzschean will to power, and Foucauldian rationality-as-rationalization resulted in the fragmentation of the project.

Urbanismul este o creație a modernității produsă prin schimbările fundamentale în structura socială a noilor state moderne. Acest „nou produs” apare în momentul unei schimbări majore de paradigmă la nivelul societății, la începutul unei noi ere istorice și pe fondul unei schimbări în conștiința individului.
Modernizarea a însemnat de fapt, descoperirea instrumentelor „abstractizate”, iar planul urbanistic este un astfel de instrument. Chiar formarea urbanismului și testarea ideilor sale în practică este tot o caracteristică generală a modernității.
.......

This thesis represents a genealogical insight in the history of Bucharest urban planning thinking; it is a historical overview of urban planning ideas and practice. In this respect, I aimed to link urban planning to its authors and the authors to each other in order to create an accurate image of the Romanian modern urban planning commencement.

Mafalala: memórias e espaços de um lugar é o resultado de um trabalho conjunto entre investigadores moçambicanos e portugueses das áreas de literatura e de urbanismo, e da organização não governamental moçambicana IVERCA, nascida neste bairro histórico de Maputo e vocacionada para a promoção do turismo, cultura e meio ambiente. Com este livro cumprem-se as diretivas de uma investigação de responsabilidade cívica pela transferência de conhecimento da comunidade para a universidade e da universidade para a comunidade. De forma mais detalhada pode-se também dizer que este livro conjuga o projeto da IVERCA com o projeto académico Patrimónios de Influência Portuguesa, sediado no Centro de Estudos Sociais da Universidade de Coimbra, que se dedica ao estudo e interpretação proactivos das heranças das culturas que se exprimem em língua portuguesa ou que, de outra forma, como em ações sobre o território, sofreram a influência portuguesa.
[…]
Mafalala: memórias e espaços de um lugar é um livro escrito e composto a várias mãos por investigadores portugueses e moçambicanos, que em conjunto sentiram a necessidade e a vontade de trabalhar e registar um assunto que ambas as partes, de formas diferentes e segmentadas, tinham estudado e conheciam. O resultado desta leitura conjunta não é um simples somatório de todas esses contributos, mas antes um todo que vale pela visão fundamentada e abrangente.

From its creation as a military housing development to its ultimate transformation into private housing, Linda Vista, in San Diego, ran the ideological spectrum—ranging from a foil for alleged commu- nism, to a repository for proto Right Wing conservatism—simultaneously revealing burgeoning sunbelt politics and the conflict between the housing needs of military families and the anti-public housing ethos of the city’s political class. Though the Navy required such projects to house its service personnel and their dependents, the city and many residents sought to eliminate public housing. Linda Vista also demonstrates the intersection of military housing, race, and local politics. For the left, it served as a for- tress of political support in the 1940s, but by the 1950s, Linda Vista came to be a Republican stronghold. Ultimately, Linda Vista’s shift previewed the New Right conservatism that Sunbelt metropolises would promote in the latter half of the twentieth century.