Urban Planning

The paper attempts to outline the urban visions and architectural ideas and vocabulary behind the formation of the large urban conglomeration in Japan, South Korea and China, and how the seeds of Western planning theories and architectural design practice have helped shaping and building the contemporary cites along the vast regions of Asia Pacific Region, and frame a local language in envisioning the city of the future.
Reflecting on the contributions from East Asia to the discourse of planning and design a city for the future as promoted by single actors, larger cultural movements and national elites fostering economic ambitions and political agendas of autocratic forces (e.g. from the experimental cities by the Metabolists in Japan, to the more “pragmatic” urban development projects fostered by local and national governments in South Korea and China), the paper tries to explain the key socio-economic factors and engines which have dramatically and radically transformed the skylines of the most dynamic and growing influential area of the world at the dawn of 21st century; it also aims at describe the origins of the various forms and elements of the modern built environments which have been shaped and molded by these same forces, and how/whether these urban forms embodies a true genuine East Asian vision of the city of the future, and what is the current trend in terms of new urban forms and architectural design research at the beginning of 21st century.

With the increase of refugee movements since 2014 in Europe and the Near East, the debate of how to plan appropriate shelters and emergency accommodation has gained a new momentum. Established techno-managerial approaches have been criticised as inappropriate and the professional community of planners and architects was increasingly drawn into debates for alternative solutions. This article traces the “innovations” that promise better, more effective, and more humane emergency shelters using the examples of the “Tempohomes” in Berlin as well as the Jordanian refugee camps of Zaatari and Azraq. In both cases, planners were employed to address the ambivalent reality of protracted refugee camps and include “lessons” from failures of earlier solutions. While the article acknowledges the genuine attempt of planners to engage with the more complex needs and expectations of refugees, a careful look at the results of the planning for better camps reveals ambivalent outcomes. As camps acquir...

As the number of references to landscape increases in the Brussels-Capital Region, the article analyses its place and meaning within the Regional Development Plans (1995-2018). The article intends to show that landscape may be considered as a category of Brussels public action and that in this sense it constitutes a good indicator of its evolution. The analysis allows us to identify significant changes, such as the progressive association of landscape with nature as the sustainability framework replaced the interest in heritage, and its change of scale in connection with the process of metropolisation. It also highlights certain contents which are more stable over time, such as the association of landscape with the imaginary of slow mobility or the view of it as a relatively positive and consensual subject.

How can we develop a political critique of urban form at the time of a tall building boom? Pointing to limitations of interpreting towers as representations of finance and power, I introduce an understanding of skylines as phantasmagoria of capitalist culture: a dazzling image that abstracts from the commodified urban landscape by promoting its further commodification. I show that both professionals who argue for and those who argue against the construction of tall office buildings in London approach the city’s ‘new skyline’ as an easily marketable visual reproduction that is defined as a compositional whole: a bounded composition with St Paul’s Cathedral at its centre. I claim that this approach and the widespread idea that commercial skyscrapers ‘destroy’ the historic cityscape assume an element of integrity that is ideological and which itself must be ‘ruined’. My argument for a shift of the ways in which cityscapes are viewed draws on Walter Benjamin’s critical montages and allegories. I explore his reading of ruins as emblems of the fragility and destructiveness of capitalist culture and his understanding of ruination as a form of critique. My argument for ruining the cityscape’s ‘beautiful appearance’ focuses on compositional wholeness and symbolic coherence. In so doing, I provide an interpretation of skylines that sheds light to the ways in which financial capitalism is justified by a specific way of viewing the city and the ways in which it is embedded in texts that are deemed to be socially meaningful.

In this historical phase, cities are intensely crossed by processes and practices of appropriation and re-appropriation of places and life environments. Motivations are at different levels: necessity, political and personal. The fieldwork shows, however, another reason, namely a need for urbanity and quality of urban life. Space is the medium of all these experiences. Places and everyday life have a strong centrality in them. In fact, these experiences find in the texture and spatiality of places their solidification point, their drive and motivation, often their raison d'être, as well as an activator for their passion. A place is a material and significant space, which precipitates the linear chronographic time and turns it into everyday lifetime. The process of self-organization in / with the territory becomes a principle and a process of individuation. Finally, some experiences directly and explicitly pose questions about the modes of production of politics and institutions, thus entering into a broad debate.

Resum: L’article revisa els ensenyaments que, a parer de l’autor, poden derivar-se del procés d’elaboració i aprovació del Pla Territorial Metropolità de Barcelona, aprovat pel Govern de la Generalitat de Catalunya l’any 2010. El treball es divideix en tres apartat: en el primer, s’ofereix una panoràmica dels reiterats intents fallits de dotar d’un sistema de govern el territori de la regió metropolitana de Barcelona d’ençà de mitjans del segle XX; el segon apartat s’indica com, en aquest context, l’aprovació del PTMB, acordada entre els ens locals de l’àmbit i el Govern de la Generalitat constitueix una notable excepció; finalment, en el tercer apartat es desgranen deu ensenyaments que, pel govern del territori es deriven del procés d’elaboració, tramitació, aprovació i vigència del Pla.

Early modern Amsterdam was an ultra-modern city, laid out conforming to the triple demand of functionality, beauty and profit; a city that takes a unique place in European urban history because of its location, design, and impressive scale. 'Metropolis in the Making' tells the story of Amsterdam becoming one of the largest cities in Europe in the seventeenth century. Amsterdam was one of the cradles of capitalism, but at the same time one of the most meticulously planned cities in the world.
After the Fall of Antwerp in 1585, Amsterdam took over its position as the main trade hub in northwestern Europe. The city grew rapidly to become the central harbour town – and one of the largest European cities. The boom in harbours and industry went hand in hand with an explosive population growth. This resulted in two huge city extensions in 1613 and 1663, multiplying the territory of Amsterdam by five. Around the old town, the now famous ring of canals was constructed. Beyond this residential zone mixed-use and industrial districts were laid out, with a series of harbour islands along the borders of the IJ. This book deals with the question how Amsterdam’s administration managed to realize these immense projects from the viewpoints of urban design, infrastructure, logistics, and finance.
The first part of this book is dedicated to the extension projects. A thorough analysis of all remaining administrative archives and a great many cartographic documents has enabled the author to reconstruct the decision process about the scale, design, and realization of the extensions. The second part contains chapters concerning land use, public space and water management. 'Metropolis in the Making' tells the story of one of the cradles of early modern capitalism and at the same time one of the most meticulously planned cities in the world.

This article contains information about the importance of preserving the historical objects as a vital condition of a normal development of historical cities. The main legislative and regulatory documents in the fields of protecting of cultural heritage, preserving the traditional character and reconstructing of the lost objects are mentioned.
The analysis of the legislation of preserving the objects of cultural heritage, the current regulations and practices of their implementation in Ukraine give grounds for considering importance of improving the regulations with the consideration of numerous violations of conditions and restrictions of urban planning of the cities with the status of historical sites.
One of the important topics of the formation of traditional historical character is the re-creation of the lost objects of cultural heritage with the consideration of their role in the city-forming, using as an example the reconstructed in 1999-2010 the Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa.

Préface d’Augustin Berque
Un siècle de banlieue japonaise apporte une réflexion inédite sur les processus d’urbanisation de l’une des sociétés de consommation les plus avancées de la planète, dans un pays dont la population doit, de surcroît, souvent faire face à des désastres naturels. De la fin du 19e  siècle aux temps présents en passant par la crise de Fukushima, l’histoire de la production de l’espace nippon retracée ici nous permet de saisir l’évolution du rapport des Japonais à l’urbain et à leur milieu.

Dans ce contexte, la formation du tissu urbain banlieusard qui entoure les villes, et notamment la capitale, est un phénomène particulièrement éloquent.
Au Japon, logements publics et sociaux n’allant pas de pair, il est essentiel de saisir les motivations d’une réflexion liée au logement populaire en banlieue. Quelles sont les conséquences foncières, sociales et culturelles de la transformation de l’espace imposée par les politiques planificatrices de la seconde moitié du 20e siècle? Un siècle de banlieue japonaise présente les premières initiatives externalisées dans le domaine du logement, les influences occidentales et les prises de position qui ont donné naissance au processus de création de la banlieue japonaise, ainsi que les grands mouvements d’idées sous-jacents.

Afin d’illustrer les résultats concrets de ces phénomènes, l’auteure examine en profondeur la situation des cités de loge-ments publics japonaises, qui exprime certes la mise en œuvre de la modernité dans l’aménagement spatial, mais entraîne également des réalités socioculturelles difficiles. De la naissance du noyau urbain de Tôkyô aux emprunts à l’Amérique de l’après-guerre, de la vague du bunka à l’apogée de Kôdan (l’organisme public du logement), en passant par l’évolution inexorable d’un village où les traditions disparaissent progressivement, Cécile Asanuma-Brice nous présente la poétique et la politique de l’urbain nippon. Elle nous invite de manière spéculaire à nous interroger sur la production de l’espace urbain occidental.

Table des matières
Remerciements | 11

Préface d’Augustin Berque | 13

Introduction / Au paroxysme de
la société de consommation | 15

PARTIE I / NAISSANCE DE VILLE ET STRUCTURATION DE L’ALENTOUR

De la naissance d’Edo à la formation d’une culture d’habiter propre à la périphérie urbaine | 25

Chapitre 1 / Une organisation urbaine au rythme des plateaux | 27
Chapitre 2 / Le rôle des transports dans l’étalement urbain de Tôkyô | 53
Chapitre 3 / L’ère du Bunka 文化 | 71

PARTIE II / FORMATION D’UN SYSTÈME DE LOGEMENT PUBLIC  ET TRANSFORMATION DU MODE DE VIE EN PÉRIPHÉRIE

Naissance d’une préoccupation publique sur la question du logement social
au Japon | 85

Chapitre 1 / L’émergence de la question du logement ouvrier | 87
Chapitre 2 / Du logement d’entreprise à la ville d’entreprise Shatakugai 社宅街 | 95
Chapitre 3 / Lorsque le logement devient une préoccupation publique | 111

PARTIE III / QUAND LA BANLIEUE PERD SON LIEU

Aux prémices de la métamorphose banlieusarde | 129

Chapitre 1 / L’après-guerre 1945-1955 : mise en place des organismes de production et de gestion des logements pu-blics et évolution du cadre juridique | 131
Chapitre 2 / De la modernité | 143
Chapitre 3 / Les influences américaines | 149

PARTIE IV / L’ORGANISME PUBLIC DU LOGEMENT (KÔDAN JÛTAKU)

Naissance et décadence | 157

Chapitre 1 / 1955, début de la période de haute croissance | 159
Chapitre 2 / À nouvelle forme d’urba-nisme, communautés nouvelles | 167
Chapitre 3 / Les années 1980 : kôdan, apogée et déclin | 179

PARTIE V / VAGABONDAGE PÉRIURBAIN, DU TERRITOIRE
À LA CHOSE CONSTRUITE

Chapitre 1 / La formation de la banlieue fasuto-fûdo (ファスト風土 ) | 195
Chapitre 2 /  L’inadaptation de la ville-objet de consommation au territoire: le séisme de 2011 | 205

Conclusion / Du local au global, quand la domination de l’appareil  organisationnel détruit ceux pour qui il a été mis en place | 215

Annexe / Si la banlieue nous était contée… par ses habitants | 221
Bibliographie | 227
Glossaire | 243
Index des lieux | 247
Sources iconographiques | 249
Crédits | 253

This working paper examines the concept of metabolism and its potential as a critical analytical lens to study the contemporary city from a political perspective. The paper illustrates how the metabolism concept has been used historically, both as a metaphor to describe the technological, social, political and economic dimensions of human-environment relations, and as a concrete analytical tool to quantify and better understand how flows of matter and energy shape the territorial and spatial configurations of cityscapes. Drawing on the example of the urban water metabolism of the Greater Accra Metropolitan Area (GAMA), the paper shows how the metabolism concept can be applied to study the politics of water in the city.

This paper deals with contemporary discourse regarding urban revival, elaborating the Educational Campus as a paradigm for global innovation. The objective is to examine the significance and capacity of education and its spatial articulation for social incubation and overall urban development. Furthermore through case of the city of Nis it was demonstrated the possibilities for connecting capacities and priorities in order to build a theoretical ‘platform’ for systematic urban design package in respect to the local resource. The new needed identity for the city of Nis in the time of transition from former industrial into the modern competitive city, can take many forms. Here was argued that, while there is the absence of a formal response to neoliberal governance regarding the strategic urban development, new Educational Campus paradigm might be solution for urban revival. This paper has examined possibilities of formation of the University Campus within the city core as a plausible...

The Gold Coast is Australia’s most rapidly changing city – regularly compared to Miami and Las Vegas for its embrace of bad taste and the good life; and with Dubai for its sudden moments of high-rise assuredness and seeming lack of restraint in either the ambitions of building or their manifestations.
Beautifully illustrated throughout, this book offers the first comprehensive history of the city and its architecture, documenting its rise from a series of seaside villages in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to the present-day city, set to host the 2018 Commonwealth Games. Considering city plans, architectural works, landscape formations and modes of inhabitation over the time in which the Gold Coast has been peopled, it considers the role of architecture in carrying the city forward. Its main focus is on the contemporary city and the conditions that have given rise to its character - high rise, bad taste and skewed towards the beach edge.

Sailing the Islands of São Paulo was an enquiry into São Paulo's fragmented urban space through an on-foot exploration. The project aimed at revealing unseen lines of fracture or tension in the continuity of the urban matter. The exploration took place in the context of the 10th São Paulo Architecture Biennale in November 2013. The 10th São Paulo Architecture Biennale proposed a reflection on the making and using of the contemporary city. Arquipélagos Urbanos invited all those interested to approach the city through the practice of walking as a tool to discover and reflect on urban transformations. Experiences such as the Transurbance practised by the Stalker collective in the marginal spaces of Italian cities show that when the urban space is confronted on foot, cities reveal themselves as uncharted and unpredictable territories. Within this uncharted territory, the practice of walking functions as a twofold method of direct exploration and place-making. The project focused on this very method as a way to deal with several questions regarding São Paulo today, such as bottom-up appropriation of public space, urban mobility, and the balance between planned and unplanned development. Methodology The project was designed in order to allow for the individual contributions to nurture interaction between the participants and provide multiple research perspectives to the subject matter. We used two forms of movement in space, which we called navigation and exploration. They both relied on walking understood as a form of investigation and not merely as a goal. The navigation mode consisted in walking as a group point-to-point. It happened mostly in silence to keep concentration and pace, and to allow for the use of individual observational skills. Once an island of urban matter had been reached, on the other hand, the group entered exploration mode. Some of these island stops had been designated in advance, some were recognised as the project unfolded. During exploration mode, the participants explored the area and collected documents according to the thematic cell they had been assigned to. In both modes the group behaved as a social structure, an ephemeral, yet coherent organism. We developed the project methodology preemptively, and we could count on the collaboration of Marie-Anne Lerjen, a Swiss researcher in urban walking, who provided important feedback and advice drawn from her multi-year experience in the subject.

Infrastructural practices, made by the manipulations of pumps, pipes and hydraulic expertise, play a critical role in managing urban populations. Drawing on two years of ethnographic research in Mumbai, in this article I show how Muslim settlers in a northern suburb are being rendered abject residents of the city. Abjection isn’t not a lack of social and political entitlements, but a denial of them. As Muslim settlers are being pushed down to claim less desirable water through the deliberate inaction of city engineers and technocrats, this article shows the iterative process through which abjection is made through tenuous and contentious infrastructural connections between the government and the governed.

La questione dei rifiuti coincide con la questione ambientale e con
l’emergenza della questione sociale; la gestione dei rifiuti incide sulla qualità urbana, condiziona il decoro delle città, entra nello spazio pubblico. Il tema ha assunto una dimensione pervasiva, planetaria.
È un paradigma, si presta a molteplici interpretazioni e slittamenti di senso. Naturalmente, non si esaurisce alla gestione della spazzatura. . Anche la città ed il territorio con le loro dinamiche di funzionamento e di trasformazione producono scarti, rifiuti, rovine e macerie.

In the face of a housing crisis rooted in commodification, there is growing alignment within both activist and scholarly circles over the need to reverse this trend and move toward decommodification. There is work left to be done, however, in conceptualizing how to get there. Housing and tenant groups challenge the logic of extraction through their day-to-day struggles in privately-held rental housing. The policy priorities of this movement are rooted in housing justice. By giving tenants more power over where they live through rent regulation, eviction protections, robust code enforcement, and other forms of legal recourse, these policies make real estate speculation less profitable. In parallel, there is a growing call for social housing conversions through both public takings and private land and property acquisition to realize a vision of housing that prioritizes decommodification, deep affordability, and democratic management. But how do these visions of housing decommodification relate to one another? In our forthcoming project Pathways to Social Housing in New York, we draw out connections between these different strategies, outlining a broad collection of policies that together can present a road to housing decommodification, both within our state and elsewhere around the country. In particular, we argue that to decommodify urban property, we need to fight not only for policy and funding which transfers land and housing to social ownership, but also for policies that make extractive and predatory housing models less viable and organizing more feasible. We need a strategy that incorporates both social housing and housing justice.

Smart City Concepts
Konzepte für den energetischen
Stadtumbau
ISBN: 978-3-89986-187-7
Autor/ Herausgeber:
Siegemund, Jochen / Hanses, Katrin /
Köring, Dietmar / Schulz, Jan
Rubrik: Architektur/Innenarchitektur
260 Seiten, deutsch, Gebunden, ca. 120
farbige Abbildungen, 21 x 28 cm
Euro 29,90 [D]
Inhalt:
Städtebauliche Auswirkungen der Energiewende.
Der Ausstieg aus der Atomenergie wird städtebauliche Veränderungen mit sich bringen. Themen wie
Elektromobilität, Speichersysteme, Fotovoltaik etc. werfen Fragen zu räumlichen
Umstrukturierungsprozessen und damit zu neuen Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten und –erfordernissen auf. Dieser
bevorstehende Wandel wird von Herausgeber
Jochen Siegemund (Fachhochschule Köln) und den Autoren mit all seinen Facetten exemplarisch an der
historisch gewachsenen Stadt Köln exerziert, die aufgrund ihrer Raumstruktur, ihres Stadtbildes und ihrer
Lage prototypisch ist für viele andere europäische Metropolen wie z. B. Berlin, Hamburg, London, Paris oder
Amsterdam. Das Buch dient Architekten und Stadtplanern als Grundlage für ein Planungstool, das die
Verbindung zwischen geografischen Bedingungen und technischen Möglichkeiten oder auch der
Kommunikation zwischen Benutzern und Gestaltern bzw. Behörden und Investoren herstellen kann. Mit
Beiträgen von Helmut Bien, Raoul Bunschoten, GRAFT, Christian Holl, Amandus Sattler u.a.

L’arte, nelle sue diverse declinazioni temporali ed espressive, ha offerto innumerevoli interpretazioni dello spazio agricolo. L’artista ha costruito visioni, memorie, strutture percettive, il tutto estrapolando dallo spazio fenomenologico frammenti emozionali, selezionando precise inquadrature, attraverso un’azione volontaria che scarta, sposta, riconfigura, ricompone, modifica, racconta. Il suo lavoro è quello di svelare anticipatamente un paesaggio e di presentarlo alla collettività.
Con l’opera “Le spigolatrici” (Parigi, Louvre) del 1848 di Jean-François Millet, comincia un nuovo modo di guardare la campagna. Idealizzata dalla pittura romantica e resa emozionale dai paesaggisti, questa propone, dal realismo francese in poi, una dimensione nuova che contempla gli aspetti economico, sociale e urbano. Da allora la campagna, non è più percepita come natura ideale, luogo degli avvenimenti mitologici, ma spazio della produzione agricola connessa alla città.
Gli artisti si concentrano su nuovi temi iconografici: il lavoro dei campi vi è incluso. Si costruisce un nuovo linguaggio, temi diversi per un nuovo importante committente, la borghesia. La perdita del carattere “mitologico” e “ludico” dello spazio agricolo, presente nelle pitture di Giorgione e Goya, rappresenta un evento culturale. La campagna, da spazio allegorico, luogo di ninfe, di dei, di battaglie, di rivelazioni sacre, diventa fisica, rappresenta e accoglie i riti del proletariato.
Nella “casa all’Estaque” (Berna, Kunstmuseum) del 1908 di Georges Braque si percepisce, attraverso il linguaggio cubista, la de-costruzione del paesaggio urbano/agricolo e la sua ricomposizione originale. Significativi sono i contributi di Herich Hecker con “primavera in Fiandre” del 1916 riconducibile all’esperienza del Brücke; i lavori di Paul Cézanne riferiti a “la Montagne Sainte-Victoire” ed in particolare la tela di Filadelfia del 1904; il “Paesaggio raggista” del 1912 (San Pietroburgo, Museo Russo) di Michail Larinov e le sperimentazioni di Kazimir Malevic, Piet Mondrian, Paul Klee e Giorgio De Chirico.
Attraverso i secoli, dalle decorazioni della sala di villa Livia del I secolo d.C. (Giardino della villa di Livia, Roma, Museo Nazionale Romano) è un susseguirsi di visioni dello spazio agricolo fino alle opere pittoriche di d’Inessa (artista siciliano) che propongono un paesaggio denso di memorie, di pregnanze, di ridondanze. Acquarelli che ricompongono le esperienze di Cézanne, di Turner, di Picasso in chiave contemporanea per descrivere un paesaggio malinconico e fiabesco.
Negli anni ’60 e ’70 gli artisti della Land Art, Robert Smithson, Walter de Maria, Michael Heizer, Richard Serra e altri, contribuiscono a connotare l’ambiente con un oggetto-scultura effimero e minimalista che costruisce l’identità dei luoghi. “Con la Land Art è direttamente l’ambiente, su cui interviene l’artista a divenire esso stesso una forma estetica fruibile come opera d’arte.” Il lavoro segue procedure che appartengono al fare dell’architettura: scavare, aggiungere, unire, piantare, bucare, ecc . Questa forma d’arte costituisce un contributo significativo nella lettura, percezione e costruzione del paesaggio. I nuovi materiali dell’arte sono il suolo, lo spazio, la luce, lo sguardo, la memoria: tutti elementi utili per riconfigurare lo spazio agricolo o per meglio comprenderlo.

Da una visione contemplativa e visionaria all’esercizio del progetto.
L’arte, anche quella letteraria, ha costruito paesaggi, determinando la configurazione dei luoghi. Pensiamo alla letteratura bucolica di Virgilio, di Petrarca. Nel XVI secolo in Spagna Garcilaso de la Vega (Toledo 1503 - Nizza 1536), poeta e guerriero, costituisce un caso emblematico. Pluma y espada riassumono la sua natura, il suo destino. Garcilaso, attraverso i suoi scritti, contribuisce a configurare il paesaggio di limite di Toledo. Suggerisce una precisa modalità insediativa relativamente all’espansione della città verso la “Fabbrica delle armi”. Tra la città storica e la nuova espansione uno spazio agricolo, reso sistemico dalle mura arabe. Le permanenze archeologiche e agricole costituiscono l’armatura organizzativa di questo spazio che mantiene per secoli la sua configurazione fino alla presa d’atto da parte della comunità di Toledo: mantenere due coni ottici privilegiati per godere della magnifica veduta del “casco historico”.
“Le città invisibili” di Italo Calvino rappresentano un documento utile per comprendere il rapporto tra forma, simbolo e funzione. Le campagne urbane descritte nel capitolo “le città continue 4” permettono di ricostruire un processo di trasformazione usuale. La cancellazione della memoria, dello spazio agricolo che diventa scarto, residuo. Italo Calvino permette di cogliere l’essenza della trasformazione urbana, dello spazio limite non solo sul piano fisico ma su quello della percezione emozionale.

The goal of this unit is to build into the mindset of the students a sociocultural and anthropological understanding of space and place. The key method that this unit aims to provide the students with centers around the notion of empathy in understanding the needs of users, which, in this case, is not just the immediate clients or users of the space proposed for them but also the communities and polity surrounding it. The emphasis of this unit is on the “urban solutions.” In order to achieve this empathy, students will engage in qualitative research methods such as participant observation, open-ended interviews, and analogous and inquisitive participation. In this unit, we will be looking at a real project that is in the centre of public and media attention. Students will think about how this complex community of people are living, selling, maneuvering kinship and business practices through space and time. It is crucial to understand the context, the people and the culture; as there is a real need for design that integrates all of the above. This unit will give the students the training in the methods by which they can systematically collect ‘thick social data’ to
integrate into this urban design lab.

25 years since the conception of the ‘24-hour city’ and the subsequent birth of the ‘night time economy’ in academic literature and policy, this study investigates the impact of the night time economy on a London borough. Through interviews with a cross section of stakeholders about their experiences of the night time economy and its management, the research finds that more needs to be done to effectively balance the needs of different groups. This study suggests that the night time economy is seen as an important asset to many both economically and culturally, but that many practical issues still remain. Changes to regulation and management of the NTE are necessary to fully recognise its potential.

Abstract:  This paper presents an argument for considering issues of class in analyses of communicative planning projects. In these projects, class interests tend to be obscured by the contemporary preoccupation with the class-ambiguous category of “community”. Through a case study of a project of urban redevelopment at King's Cross in London, we conceptualize and map class interests in an urban redevelopment project. Three aspects of the planning process that contain clear class effects are looked at: the amount of office space, the flexibility of plans, and the appropriation of the urban environment as exchange or use value. These aspects structure the urban redevelopment but are external to the communicative planning process. The opposition to the redevelopment has in the planning discourse been articulated as “community”-based rather than in class-sensitive terms. We finally present three strategies for reinserting issues of class into planning theory and practice.

This paper outlines the national approach to stormwater management in Malaysia, and evolving implementation practices by State and Local government authorities. The process of departing from the traditional, monodisciplinary approach is currently going on in Malaysia. Goals of stormwater management have already shifted from the traditional storm drainage and "end of pipe" approaches towards sustainable ecological solutions more in peace with nature. The new approach is based on a deeper understanding of the cyclicity of material and energy flows in nature. The research focused on new concepts for the urban stormwater runoff and the water quality management based on integrated stormwater solutions. The USM Engineering campus is a pilot project for urban stormwater management strategy as an example of an ecologically sustainable development based approach to urban stormwater management. The concept is based on integrating stormwater best management practices into urban plann...

l progetto persegue la costituzione di un sistema di collegamenti tra centro storico e fascia costiera, mirando all’integrazione dei diversi comparti che rappresentano la molteplice e mutevole realtà della città e del suo intorno. Centro storico, periferia, strutture portuali, insediamenti per il turismo, aree di interesse naturalistico: l’infrastruttura fornisce l’occasione per riappropriarsi del valore dei luoghi ed offrirlo a cittadini e a visitatori esterni.

In un film dell'inizio degli anni novanta, Giuseppe Tornatore racconta il viaggio di un padre che dalla Sicilia si sposta verso le grandi città italiane per visitare i suoi cinque figli ormai adulti. Nonostante venga a conoscenza di condizioni famigliari assai problematiche, al suo ritorno si ostina a mentire agli altri e a se stesso affermando che " Stanno tutti bene ". Un viaggio nelle città e nei territori italiani contemporanei osservati con la lente dello " stare bene " , inteso come welfare e wellbeing, ci porterebbe oggi a sostenere un'analoga menzogna. Infatti, le condizioni di salubrità, comfort e sicurezza che le nostre città sono oggi in grado di garantire ai propri abitanti non sempre raggiungono livelli che possiamo considerare ragionevoli e anzi, sovente, sono da considerare pericolosi, dannosi e forieri di situazioni di ingiustizia. Per affrontare il rapporto tra malessere urbano e ingiustizia spaziale, il testo che segue dopo una riflessione generale sui paradossi della salubrità in città, articolerà una riflessione su alcuni temi dei quali il progetto urbanistico, con l'obiettivo di garantire maggiore welfare e wellbeing, dovrebbe farsi carico: accessibilità, mobilità, sicurezza e comfort saranno le principali categorie indagate.

This descriptive-analytical study attempted to investigate the quality of life in urban areas of Iran. Sonqor City of Kermanshah Province was selected as a case. Field and documentary data collection methods were used. To collect the field data, researcher-designed questionnaires were used, of which the validity was confirmed by expert judgment and the reliability was confirmed using Cronbach’s alpha (0.893). The population comprised all the residents of Sonqor City (n=46181). Using Cochran formula, 382 individuals were selected as sample and questionnaires were randomly distributed among them. Results demonstrated that among the 9 aspects of quality of life investigated in Sonqor City, satisfaction with the three aspects of housing, transportation and education, which have coefficients of variation of 0.319, 0.331, and 0.412 respectively, are the most important aspects. Moreover, general results of quality of life of Sonqor residents revealed that 75 percent of the respondents had ...

This thesis is a study of Tottenham High Road, and how the urban blocks which comprise its depth are composed. Depth has a number of components: architecture, space and time; depth is the armature in which people live their social lives, and the place where local cultures emerge. The conception of depth offers a way of capturing urban life in its richness and its reciprocities. The literature about high streets offers few detailed analyses of their spatial and psycho-social ordering and this thesis seeks to fill that gap. The approach is a hermeneutics of praxis, using ethnographic methods, in-depth interviews, and situating the information spatially using architectural drawing techniques. It offers a novel method of investigating and understanding the structures and processes which make up the high streets and which, in aggregate, make the whole city. Tottenham High Road is used here as a case study, a vehicle through which to interpret evidence about the existence and nature of depth, with its manifold structures. Understanding depth is vital to understanding high streets, so this thesis allows a deeper and richer interpretation of high streets than has previously been possible.
There is a problem in planning orthodoxy around high streets, typified in Tottenham: the richness of depth is flattened and codified, in order to frame swathes of city as sites from which to reap economic reward. In fact, depth contains all of human life, and understanding it, therefore, is an ethical responsibility for planning. Depth has a number of characteristics, ordered by different processes and forces. Firstly, physical order, shaped by both economic and social forces. For example, the most public uses are found in the 'shallowest' parts of depth, and these are the most valuable sites because they command the greatest passing trade. Secondly, depth has a social order, through playing out of place ballet by people as they live their lives. The social order operates interdependently and reciprocally with the physical order of depth. Commitment between people and places (citizenship) results in special place cultures, which are hosted in depth. Depth has variation in the scope of decorum from the outer edge of the block to the centre: more things are possible inside the block than at its edge. 
The insights about depth in this thesis are relevant to many areas of life: to planning, to politics and to existing theory, because depth provides an account for the ethical order in which other areas of human life take place. With an understanding of depth it is possible to evaluate planning proposals, efforts at ensuring political participation, to shed light on existing theories such as Cosmopolitanism, and to add a valuable layer of information about the real structures of London to the existing literature.

"Since its very inception, social work has been considered an organizationally based profession, with the majority of its workforce employed within formal organizations. Whether in nonprofit, for-profit, or governmental agencies, the practical realities of human service organizations are a central element of professional social work. This book explores the climate and culture of these agencies and provides essential information for surviving and thriving in this setting. It prepares students for their future careers so that they will feel empowered in their work and be able to fulfill their responsibilities toward organizational, community, and social change. Using real-life examples, the authors examine the internal structures of management, financing, and supervision and discuss common conflicts between agencies and professionals. The book’s straightforward tone and practical advice make it an asset to anyone entering human service organizations.

This new edition contains updated examples, case studies, and references. It also contains valuable information on the effects of the recent financial crisis on human service organizations. Agencies now face increased caseloads and more complex social problems with fewer resources and less money. Understanding how these events have changed the nature of human service organizations will allow students to be better prepared for the work ahead of them.

Features

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Expanded content on the practical aspects of organizational theory and suggestions for developing leadership skills
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Updated examples, case studies, and references throughout the book
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Key points and discussion questions following each chapter
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Updated instructor’s manual available online as a PDF or Word document"

The article presents the development of Planty Dietlowskie (named after the professor of Jagiellonian University, Józef Dietl) on the part of the old Vistula River that was reclaimed. Th e Vistula cut-off  formed a natural frontier between the city centre and the Kazimierz district, inhabited by Jews, which had earlier been an independent suburban Jewish town. In the eyes of hygienists and modernizers, the old Vistula presented a signifi cant problem: it was becoming less and less passable, and people on its two banks used it to dispose of waste and sewage. Th e fi lling up of this part of the old Vistula was at the top of the list of objectives postulated by the municipal government. Th e project was implemented with fi nancial support from the National Department, and squares were arranged. As a result, the Christian and Jewish quarters found themselves next to each other. Th e author questions whether this physical closeness had any impact on the social integration of Kraków’s inhabitants.

Mapping is a technique used to record and represent information graphically. In the studios made for architecture and landscape architecture, mapping is usually conducted at the Inventory-making and Analysis stage. Data from the site is gathered and documented for further investigation. However, mapping can also become a creative tool to ‘reveal’ certain things or invisible processes. It can encourage the designers to speculate the site and the design from different perspectives and at multiple scales. This paper discusses some mapping projects that have been explored by the authors through their research projects. The aim of this paper is to recommend mapping as a creative and speculative design tool that can make data more engaging to design thinking.

This paper is about the necessity of adopting a new approach to urban planning subsequent to the coronavirus crisis. It is argued that this crisis / disaster has brought forward a need to adapt the current planning thought and practice to respond more efficiently to the necessities of such crisis /disasters.

This article contains information about the importance of preserving the historical objects
as a vital condition of a normal development of historical cities. The main legislative and regulatory
documents in the fields of protecting of cultural heritage, preserving the traditional character and
reconstructing of the lost objects are mentioned.
The analysis of the legislation of preserving the objects of cultural heritage, the current regulations
and practices of their implementation in Ukraine give grounds for considering importance of improving the
regulations with the consideration of numerous violations of conditions and restrictions of urban planning of
the cities with the status of historical sites.
One of the important topics of the formation of traditional historical character is the re-creation of the
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lost objects of cultural heritage with the consideration o f their role in the city-forming, using as an example the
reconstructed in 1999-2010 the Transfiguration Cathedral in Odessa.
Key words: legislation and regulations o f preserving the objects of cultural heritage, historical
environment, the reconstruction of the lost objects

Urban policy and particularly, the knowledge base and fundamental assumptions behind the same have rarely been the subject of scholarship in India. This book fills in this gap by de-constructing urban policy and asking some critical questions about knowledge of the urban and of policy from multiple perspectives. Economists, sociologists, geographers, planners, architects have contributed their insights to foundational premises such as the relationship between urbanization and growth, its relationship with inequality, issues of centralization vs decentralization, the issue of differing scales of policy application and when does policy seem to work and not work.

The historic center of Salvador de Bahia, declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1985, has undergone a serious process of loss of centrality, ruin and impoverishment throughout the second half of the twentieth century, culminating in the controversial Historic Center of Salvador Revitalization Program instituted by the government of the State of Bahia in the 1990s, which resulted in the expulsion of hundreds of low-income families and the creation of a scenic space for cultural tourism, entirely financed by public funds. Since 2007, public policies for the historic center of Salvador seem to have taken a new direction. However, the “new” conservation and management policies implemented since then have not yet incorporated the concepts of sustainability and social participation, as they still focus on attracting touristic activities and on disregarding the remaining families in the area .

La globalización y el modelo actual de acumulación de capital han generado una serie de procesos de reestructuración territorial que proponen la necesidad de repensar procesos de fragmentación urbana, las nuevas características que adquieren la estructura y forma urbana, y la nueva relación que se establece entre actores públicos y privados. Metrópolis como Lima no logran generar un equilibrio entre la estructura urbana y la distribución social de sus espacios residenciales. Como resultado, la actual organización de la ciudad reproduce desigualdades socioespaciales y las vuelve persistentes. En este contexto, las centralidades urbanas no solo son un criterio formal de análisis de la estructura urbana. Por el contrario, constituyen el punto neurálgico para reconocer qué tanto una urbe establece condiciones óptimas para la calidad de vida de sus habitantes; o, por el contrario, qué tanto refuerza patrones de desigualdad en la distribución de los bienes que produce la ciudad (materiales y simbólicos). Este libro es un esfuerzo interdisciplinario por generar una contribución al conocimiento de la estructura de la metrópoli partiendo del estudio de las centralidades urbanas.